History of the Plutonium Bioassay Program at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 1944--1972.

Campbell, E.E.; Milligan, M.F.; Moss, W.D.; Schulte, H.F.

doi:10.2172/4587709

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…There are marked differences in the sensitivity and reliability of the urine values obtained in the early years as compared to more recent results (Ca72). The following brief description points out these differences between the past and present method, but the reader is referred to other reports (La78; Ca72) for more complete descriptions.…”

Section: Plutonium Urinalysis and Potential Accidental Exposure Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

A 32-year Medical Follow-up of Manhattan Project Plutonium Workers

Voelz¹,

Hempelmann²,

Lawrence³

et al. 1979

Health Physics

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Twenty-six male subjects who worked with plutonium during World War I1 under extraordinarily crude conditions have been followed medically for a period of 32 yr. Inhalation was the primary mode of plutonium exposure. Current estimates of the systemic plutonium depositions in these individuals range from 7 to 230nCi. Eleven individuals have depositions greater than 40 nCi, the current maximum permissible body burden for workers. Two individuals in the group have died: one due to myocardial infarction and the other due to injuries sustained in an automobile-pedestrian accident. This mortality rate is about 50% of expected deaths based on United States white male rates. All 24 living subjects were re-examined in the period of 1975-78. No cases of cancer were diagnosed in the group except for two skin cancers that have no history or basis that relate them to plutonium exposure. The diseases and physical changes noted in the group are characteristic of a male population in their 50s and 60s. This study yields no evidence suggesting that adverse health effects have resulted from the 32 yr of exposure to the internally deposited plutonium.

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Section: Plutonium Urinalysis and Potential Accidental Exposure Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

A 32-year Medical Follow-up of Manhattan Project Plutonium Workers

Voelz¹,

Hempelmann²,

Lawrence³

et al. 1979

Health Physics

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“…The plutonium content of those samples was extracted with an iron carrier by cupferron in chloroform, and measured with gas-flow proportional counters and a background of approximately 30 counts min À1 . From 1945, urine samples were collected on holiday away from Los Alamos to avoid cross-contamination, and the measurement background was decreased to approximately 0.1 counts min À1 (Campbell et al, 1972;Miller et al, 2008).…”

Section: Us Nuclear Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 150: Cancer Risk from Exposure to Plutonium and Uranium

Tirmarche¹,

Apostoaei²,

Blanchardon³

et al. 2021

Ann ICRP

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In its 2007 Recommendations, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) outlined several operational quantities for use in radiological protection. Amongst these was the radiation weighting factor, w R , defined as 'a dimensionless factor by which the organ or tissue absorbed dose is multiplied to reflect the higher biological effectiveness of high-LET (linear energy transfer) radiations compared with low-LET radiations' and used to calculate equivalent dose and effective dose (ICRP, 2007). The Commission selected values for w R by judgement, using data on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different types of radiation in inducing stochastic effects, specifically cancer.

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