History of plasticity and metal forming analysis

Polymer Engineering Science and Viscoelasticity

“…Concepts of plasticity and yielding date back to St. Venant in about 1870 but the concepts of plastic or limit design including computational plasticity evolved primarily in the latter half of the twentieth century (see Westergaard (1964) for a discussion of the history of solid mechanics including comments on the evolution of plasticity). Also, an excellent discussion of plasticity and metal forming is given by Osakada (2010). Computational plasticity has its origins associated with calculations of deformations beyond the yield point for stress-strain diagrams similar to that of mild steel and will be briefly discussed in Chap.…”

Some Remarks on the History of Fracture Mechanics

“…Well known and commonly used in Plasticity is the Maximum Distortion Energy Criterion of Huber, von Mises and Hencky (Maksymilian Tytus Huber, 1872-1950, Richard von Mises, 1883-1953, Heinrich Hencky, 1885-1951). It is worth to be mentioned that this criterion has been proposed much earlier by J.C. Maxwell [20]. Finally, it shall be noted that J.J.…”

“…The Maximum Stress Criterion was proposed independently by Gabriel Lamé (1795-1870) and William John Macquorn Rankine (1820-1872) for mostly brittle material behavior, while the Maximum Shear Criterion of HenriÉduard Tresca (1814-1885) and later in 1900 by James J. Guest [10] was thought to be applicable for plastic flow, see [20]. It should be emphasized that until the end of the 19 th century there was not yet a clear differentiation between failure by brittle fracture and failure by plastic flow.…”

Impression Techniques for Multiple Implants: A Photoelastic Analysis. Part II: Comparison of Four Acrylic Resins

“…The distortion energy per unit of volume represents the unit of dimensional tension, known as U (newton per square millimeter [N/m 2 ] or kilogram-force/square millimeter [kgf/mm 2 ]). 18 After calculating these energies, statistical analysis was conducted using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (P , .05).…”