Introduction. The Pathologies of parathyroid glands are one of the most spread among endocrine system diseases excluding diabetes and thyroid pathology. Currently, there are only two methods which are used to treat hyperparathyroidism, such as: surgery and conservative therapy. However, in addition to them, methods of transracial thermal destruction (ablation) have recently appeared in clinical practice. The methods have a good precision and connect with physical phenomena such as: interaction laser, radiofrequency, microwave and HIFU irradiation with bio substance. Aim. The review is dedicated to a critical analysis of the modern methods for local thermal destruction of the parathyroid glands with hyperfunction. Materials and methods. The review includes data from randomized clinical trials from 2012 to 2021. The studies were found using Google Scholar, Pubmed. Total number of patients 1983 (laser ablation - 216 patients, radiofrequency ablation - 225, microwave ablation - 1467, high-density ultrasound ablation - 30 patients). Results. Recommendations for application of methods of thermal destruction was obtained during the review. Furthermore, We have designed some algorithm for treatment of hyperparathyroidism. Also methods of thermal destruction were observed. Conclusion. There are 4 modern methods of thermal destruction which have been analyzed like alternatives to surgery. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages, its own profile of safety and effectiveness. After processing information of proven database, the most popular among specialists is methods of microwave ablation. However, laser ablation is more effective than other ways.