History of Highly Enriched Uranium Production in Russia

Подвиг, Павел

doi:10.1080/08929882.2011.566467

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, as the reactor design is flexible and allows the use of advanced fuel cycles, using slightly enriched uranium, recovered uranium, Mixed OXide fuel (MOX), thorium fuels, and others [34] is possible. Gas Cooled Reactors (GCRs) 1 and Light Water Graphite Reactors (LWGRs) exploit graphite as moderator, which allows the adoption of lower uranium enrichment levels, typically between 2.2% and 2.7% [35,36]. Few tens of reactors (mainly located in Europe) use MOX, which is a mix of more than one oxide of fissile material and usually consists of plutonium recovered from spent nuclear fuel, blended with natural uranium, reprocessed uranium or depleted uranium.…”

Section: A Spectra Of Antineutrinos Produced At Reactor Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference worldwide model for antineutrinos from reactors

et al. 2015

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Antineutrinos produced at nuclear reactors constitute a severe source of background for the detection of geoneutrinos, which bring to the Earth's surface information about natural radioactivity in the whole planet. In this framework we provide a reference worldwide model for antineutrinos from reactors, in view of reactors operational records yearly published by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). We evaluate the expected signal from commercial reactors for ongoing (KamLAND and Borexino), planned (SNO+) and proposed (Juno, RENO-50, LENA and Hanohano) experimental sites. Uncertainties related to reactor antineutrino production, propagation and detection processes are estimated using a Monte Carlo based approach, which provides an overall site dependent uncertainty on the signal in the geoneutrino energy window on the order of 3%.We also implement the off-equilibrium correction to the reference reactor spectra associated with the long-lived isotopes and we estimate a 2.4% increase of the unoscillated event rate in the geoneutrino energy window due to the storage of spent nuclear fuels in the cooling pools. We predict that the research reactors contribute to less than 0.2% to the commercial reactor signal in the investigated 14 sites. We perform a multitemporal analysis of the expected reactor signal over a time lapse of 10 years using reactor operational records collected in a comprehensive database published at www.fe.infn.it/antineutrino.

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Section: A Spectra Of Antineutrinos Produced At Reactor Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference worldwide model for antineutrinos from reactors

et al. 2015

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“…This might include building more warheads that can overcome missile defences, in addition to developing decoys and missile defence countermeasures. 43 Washington's strategic nuclear intentions toward Beijing could also influence China's nuclear modernization plans. In particular, China worries that the United States could use nuclear weapons against China in a potential Taiwan conflict.…”

Section: Moderni Zati On: Gui DI Ng Pri Nci Ples and Dri Versmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first four launches of the Sagarika were kept a secret; only the successful fifth test in February 2008 was publicly announced. 43 A subsequent test was carried out in November 2009.…”

Section: Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a recent publication by the Institute for National Security Studies (Israel's foremost security think tank) addresses "the Obama vision" of nuclear disarmament from an Israeli perspective (generally regarding this vision as unrealistic). 42 It has frequently been asserted that Israel views its nuclear programme as a "sacred national insurance policy" 43 and even critics of the policy in its current form have asserted that "for a state born out of the Holocaust and surrounded by the hostile Arab world, not to [acquire a nuclear weapons capability] would have been irresponsible." 44 Historically, public opinion polls have indicated support for the nuclear option, more recently reinforced by a belief (among 66% to 82% of Israelis) that Iran would use nuclear weapons to destroy Israel.…”

Section: Discoursementioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 Pakistan is also seeking to buy six new submarines from China. 43 Pakistan dependence on military assistance from China is likely to grow as Pakistan's poor relations with the United States worsen.…”

Section: Economi Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modernization of nuclear weapons: Aspiring to “indefinite retention”?

Acheson¹

2012

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

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Currently, all nations with nuclear weapons are modernizing their arsenals, delivery systems, and related infrastructure. These programs have serious implications for nuclear disarmament. By investing in the extension, upgrading, and reinforcement of their arsenals and capacities, the author writes, these governments are investing in the future of nuclear weapons, not in the future of disarmament. Other non-nuclear states have expressed concern with these programs and are using international venues, including the Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty review conferences, to call on the nuclear-armed states to cease these programs, which undermine the objectives of the treaty in terms of both non-proliferation and disarmament. Ending upgrades and investment in nuclear weapons would help establish the necessary conditions for disarmament. The author writes that non-nuclear weapon states should further advance the conditions for disarmament by negotiating a treaty banning nuclear weapons, highlighting that the worldÕs governments, themselves, do not need to possess nuclear weapons in order to prohibit them.

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The half-lives of African uranium: A historical review

Postar

2017

The Extractive Industries and Society

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History of Highly Enriched Uranium Production in Russia

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Reference worldwide model for antineutrinos from reactors

Reference worldwide model for antineutrinos from reactors

Modernization of nuclear weapons: Aspiring to “indefinite retention”?

The half-lives of African uranium: A historical review

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