History of Cryptography to the 1800s

Easttom, William

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63115-4_1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…38 For asymmetric cryptography, a pair of public and secret keys is required. 5,6 Our PUF key has a good performance in terms of randomness, uniformity, and uniqueness, promising to work as a highly trustworthy key in encryption due to its irreproducibility and true randomness. We can apply the Vernam algorithm (also known as a kind of stream cipher in symmetric cryptography) to encrypt and decrypt images.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can apply the Vernam algorithm (also known as a kind of stream cipher in symmetric cryptography) to encrypt and decrypt images. 5,39 The detailed procedures are described in Section III in the Supporting Information. The exclusive OR (XOR) operation (as demonstrated in Section II in the Supporting Information) between information and the secured key will leak no information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stream cipher has been widely used as an effective encryption rule. 5,6 It has a simple structure but requires high-level security keys. 39 The highly secured PUF keys used in the encryption process are shown in Figure S3a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1−4 A cryptography system usually consists of plain text, key, encryption scheme, cipher, and decryption scheme. 5,6 Conventional image cryptography often relies on the security algorithms executed at postprocessing computation units, which are physically separated from image sensors. 7 The data transfer process between sensor and computation units exposes sensory data to external attack.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Highly Trustworthy In-Sensor Cryptography for Image Encryption and Authentication

et al. 2023

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The prevailing transmission of image information over the Internet of Things demands trustworthy cryptography for high security and privacy. State-of-the-art security modules are usually physically separated from the sensory terminals that capture images, which unavoidably exposes image information to various attacks during the transmission process. Here we develop in-sensor cryptography that enables capturing images and producing security keys in the same hardware devices. The generated key inherently binds to the captured images, which gives rise to highly trustworthy cryptography. Using the intrinsic electronic and optoelectronic characteristics of the 256 molybdenum disulfide phototransistor array, we can harvest electronic and optoelectronic binary keys with a physically unclonable function and further upgrade them into multiple-state ternary and double-binary keys, exhibiting high uniformity, uniqueness, randomness, and coding capacity. This in-sensor cryptography enables highly trustworthy image encryption to avoid passive attacks and image authentication to prevent unauthorized editions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Trustworthy In-Sensor Cryptography for Image Encryption and Authentication

et al. 2023

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Scalable Photo-Responsive Physical Unclonable Functions via Particle Kinetics

Jung,

Beak,

Kim

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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The increasing menace of counterfeiting and information theft underscores the urgent need for security platforms compatible with both micro-and nanoelectronics. Existing methods for anticounterfeiting labeling and cryptographic systems rely on unclonable patterns derived from the unpredictable variability of physical phenomena. However, these approaches impose limitations on the scalability of security components. Here we present a scalable platform for photoresponsive physically unclonable functions based on oxide particle kinetics in polymer solutions. The stochastic agglomeration process occurring during the formation of polymer films with dispersed oxide particles yields random patterns, with pixel sizes scalable from micro to nanoscales. We produce mechanically flexible and self-destructible optical unclonable function patterns utilizing oxide aggregates on a polymer film. Moreover, we establish a strategy for generating electrical unclonable patterns on a conducting polymer film. This involves covering the polymer film with an aggregate pattern mask, which serves as an ultraviolet-blocking layer for randomly exposing the film to ultraviolet ozone treatment. These unclonable patterns constitute robust and compact security systems, exhibiting effective resilience against machine-learning attacks (∼50% prediction error for training data sets of 1000). The developed scalable platforms for physically unclonable functions provide a hardware solution for robust cryptographic applications.

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Encryption Methods and Algorithms Based on Domestic Standards in Open-Source Operating Systems

Malikovich¹,

Ochilov²,

Tangirov

2023

Wseas Transactions on Information Science and Applications

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The paper describes the principles and methods underlying the creation of an application in secure operating systems, which provides reliable data encryption. The research aims to analyze and indicate the specifics of encryption methods and algorithms based on domestic standards in open-source operating systems. Cryptanalysis was used in the article, as this avoids vulnerabilities identified in previously created implementations. In the article, the authors draw attention to the fact that 7-Zip uses CBC encryption (concatenation of encrypted text blocks), but the Counter Mode is supported. The same support was provided in the encrypt implementation. Since the key expansion function initially fills the special array created by p7zip with round keys using a unique property of the domestic standard, only one round encryption function was created (performed both during encryption and decryption). This method is also used in various modes. In many cases, initialization time deviations depending on the selected mode are insignificant. The created cryptographic module was tested to meet the domestic standard, which contains several test cases. It was confirmed during the tests that the created module implements the algorithm of the domestic standard. The article shows a way to implement a fairly convenient graphical interface for accessing the cryptographic module, which enables the user not to call the command line and remember the sequence and types of parameters passed to p7zip. This implementation also takes into account the verification of the correctness of decryption and the reading of other error codes.

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History of Cryptography to the 1800s

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Highly Trustworthy In-Sensor Cryptography for Image Encryption and Authentication

Highly Trustworthy In-Sensor Cryptography for Image Encryption and Authentication

Scalable Photo-Responsive Physical Unclonable Functions via Particle Kinetics

Encryption Methods and Algorithms Based on Domestic Standards in Open-Source Operating Systems

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