History of Coastal Engineering in the USA

Wiegel, Robert L.; Saville, Thorndike

doi:10.1061/9780784401965.015

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Nowadays, many beaches around the world are maintained or even widened and enlarged artificially through the practice of sand nourishments -either performed directly on the beach or in the foreshore area. During decades of practice this these techniques have proven to be very successful in counteracting coastal erosion and stabilising shorelines (Niemeyer et al 1996;Sørensen et al 1996;Wiegel and Saville 1996). Sand, of course, is an increasingly valuable resource (Bridges et al 2018) that can only be removed from designated dredge sites.…”

Section: Beaches and Foreshore Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand dunes are closely linked with adjacent beach ecosystems and are interacting with them through various processes -mainly storage, transport and exchange of sand (Defeo et al 2009) -acting as a sand reservoir for the beach and the surf zone (Wiegel and Saville 1996). As mentioned above with regard to beach ecosystems, there are three states of interacting beach-dune systems according to Doody (2013), depending on the availability of sand.…”

Section: Dunesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is used to extend and strengthen existing dunes, close gaps or create new dunes. Furthermore, active planting of sand-binding dune vegetation or even forestation in established dunes is conducted to stabilise already existing dunes (Hanley et al 2014;Wiegel and Saville 1996). Historically, dunes were fixed this way in many places to prevent their migration, as they threatened settlements, pasture and farmland (Ellenberg and Dierschke 2010;Müller and Fischer 1937).…”

Section: Dunesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bridging the gap between coastal engineering and nature conservation?

Jordan

Fröhle

2022

J Coast Conserv

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Under the umbrella term of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) fall measures from a wide range of disciplines. With regard to coastal protection, coastal ecosystems represent possible and promising NbS to coastal threats such as storm surges or erosion. Around the globe, the looming climate change and related developments in the coastal landscapes as well as a paradigm shift in societal views shifted the focus of decision-makers and researchers onto NbS for coastal protection, driving the need for a comprehensive up-to-date review of coastal ecosystems like salt marshes, mangroves, seagrass meadows, beaches, dunes, coral, and shellfish/oyster reefs and their benefits for Water, Nature and People alike. While existing reviews of NbS have mainly focused on the idea of softer coastal protection in general and constraints regarding management and regulations, this study reviews not only the characteristics, features and needs of the coastal ecosystems under consideration but also examines the ecosystems’ potential and related processes for coastal protection, their ecological as well as their societal benefits. This review paper is based on an extensive literature review and analysis of scientific publications, books and book sections, guidelines, reports, policy recommendations and strategies. In order to create a basis for the selection of site-suitable adaptation measures for local coastal challenges and questions, this study compiles the coastal ecosystems’ key features and elaborates the provided ecosystem services for protective, ecological and societal needs. The highlighted diversity of processes within ecosystems that directly cause or support coastal protection, in combination with the multiple ecological services and societal benefits, underlines the great potential of coastal ecosystems to bridge the gap between coastal engineering and nature conservation. In combination with existing coastal protection, coastal ecosystems as NbS can serve both disciplines equally and provide an integral, sustainable element in the adaptation of coastal protection to climate change.

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