History of Beryllium

Walsh, Kenneth A.; Kaczynski, Donald J.; Jacobson, L. A.; Olson, D. L.

doi:10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230007

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Beryllium (Be) has been widely used in various industries, such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, nuclear energy, electronics, and communications [1]. Despite its use, Be is extremely hazardous to human health, causing serious diseases including berylliosis and chronic beryllium disease (CBD), which is an incurable and fatal progressive lung ailment [2]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop stable, selective, and sensitive electrochemical techniques methods for the rapid detection of Be [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beryllium-Ion-Selective PEDOT Solid Contact Electrode Based on 9,10-Dinitrobenzo-9-Crown-3-Ether

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Yang³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A beryllium(II)-ion-selective poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) solid contact electrode comprising 9,10-dinitrobenzo-9-crown-3-ether was successfully developed. The all-solid-state contact electrode, with an oxygen-containing cation-sensing membrane combined with an electropolymerized PEDOT layer, exhibited the best response characteristics. The performance of the constructed electrode was evaluated and optimized using potentiometry, conductance measurements, constant-current chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimized conditions, which were found for an ion-selective membrane (ISM) composition of 3% ionophore, 30% polyvinylchloride (PVC), 64% o-nitro phenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE), and 3% sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), the fabricated electrode exhibited a good performance over a wide concentration range (10−2.5–10−7.0 M) and a wide pH range of 2.0–9.0, with a Nernstian slope of 29.5 mV/D for the beryllium (II) ion and a detection limit as low as 10−7.0 M. The developed electrode shows good selectivity for the beryllium(II) ion over alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beryllium-Ion-Selective PEDOT Solid Contact Electrode Based on 9,10-Dinitrobenzo-9-Crown-3-Ether

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Yang³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Occurrence and Production of Beryllium

Freeman

2015

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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A relatively abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust, beryllium, has not been widely used due to the high cost of production and its limited consumption. Beryllium is mainly extracted in the United States, with smaller quantities coming from China, Africa, and South America. The extraction process uses leaching of the ore in sulfuric acid to produce a sulfate, which undergoes solvent extraction to remove impurity elements. The beryllium‐rich fraction from solvent extraction is treated with ammonium carbonate to produce a complex carbonate that can be thermally separated into a pure form of beryllium hydroxide, the basic material used for producing all useful forms of beryllium. The metallic form of beryllium is produced from the hydroxide using a magnesium reduction process to convert beryllium fluoride to beryllium pebbles and magnesium fluoride. The pebbles are further refined to >99.5% purity by vacuum melting and powdered for conversion into useful shapes by a conventional powder metallurgy pressing and consolidation process. Many practical applications make use of beryllium's properties, particularly the high specific strength and stiffness of the pure metal, and the combination of high strength, conductivity, and resistance to stress relaxation that additions of 0.2–2.0% beryllium provide to alloys of copper, aluminum, and nickel. Typical applications of beryllium metal include components of aircraft, satellites, and space‐mounted astronomical telescopes, usually manufactured using powder metallurgy techniques. The nuclear properties of beryllium, particularly its interaction with neutrons as a multiplier and a reflector, are exploited in many fusion and fission reactions. The major use of the element, however, is in alloys that take advantage of its high strength and conductivity. These are fashioned into high reliability terminals used in automotive, aerospace, and electronic connectors. The thermal conductivity and low friction properties of the alloys are employed in plastic and metal forming molds, heavy equipment and aircraft bearings, and oil and gas drilling equipment.

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Die chemische Kristallographie vor der Röntgenbeugung

Molčanov

Stilinović

2013

Angewandte Chemie

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In die Jahre 2012 und 2013 fallen die 100. Jahrestage der Röntgenbeugung an Kupfersulfat‐Einkristallen durch Laue, der Postulierung des Braggschen Gesetzes sowie der ersten Strukturbestimmung mit Röntgenmethoden. Die Beschäftigung mit Kristallen war jedoch schon vor 1912 ein integraler Bestandteil der Chemie und trug wesentlich zu ihrer Entwicklung als moderne Wissenschaft, zu Konzepten wie Atom, Molekül, Isomerie und Chiralität bei.

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History of Beryllium

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Beryllium-Ion-Selective PEDOT Solid Contact Electrode Based on 9,10-Dinitrobenzo-9-Crown-3-Ether

Beryllium-Ion-Selective PEDOT Solid Contact Electrode Based on 9,10-Dinitrobenzo-9-Crown-3-Ether

Occurrence and Production of Beryllium

Die chemische Kristallographie vor der Röntgenbeugung

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