History, Evolution, and Domestication of<i>Brassica</i>Crops

Prakash, Shyam; Wu, Xiaoming; Bhat, S. R.

doi:10.1002/9781118100509.ch2

Cited by 61 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…This prototype (ABK) subsequently has diverged into nigra, rapa, and oleracea lineages 7.3-4 MYA (Wroblewski et al 2000) or 7.9 MYA (Lysak et al 2005). x = 6 is most likely the basic chromosome number in the tribe Brassiceae and the genus Brassica (Prakash et al 2011). Meiotic chromosome pairing in the haploids of B. campestris (syn.…”

Section: Genome Structure Of Brassica Diploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic and Genomic Effects on Meiotic Pairing in Brassica Hybrids and Allotetraploids from Pair Crosses of Three Cultivated Diploids

Cui

Gautam

et al. 2012

Genetics

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Interspecific hybridization and allopolyploidization contribute to the origin of many important crops. Synthetic Brassica is a widely used model for the study of genetic recombination and "fixed heterosis" in allopolyploids. To investigate the effects of the cytoplasm and genome combinations on meiotic recombination, we produced digenomic diploid and triploid hybrids and trigenomic triploid hybrids from the reciprocal crosses of three Brassica diploids (B. rapa, AA; B. nigra, BB; B. oleracea, CC). The chromosomes in the resultant hybrids were doubled to obtain three allotetraploids (B. juncea, AA.BB; B. napus, AA.CC; B. carinata, BB.CC). Intra-and intergenomic chromosome pairings in these hybrids were quantified using genomic in situ hybridization and BAC-FISH. The level of intra-and intergenomic pairings varied significantly, depending on the genome combinations and the cytoplasmic background and/or their interaction. The extent of intragenomic pairing was less than that of intergenomic pairing within each genome. The extent of pairing variations within the B genome was less than that within the A and C genomes, each of which had a similar extent of pairing. Synthetic allotetraploids exhibited nondiploidized meiotic behavior, and their chromosomal instabilities were correlated with the relationship of the genomes and cytoplasmic background. Our results highlight the specific roles of the cytoplasm and genome to the chromosomal behaviors of hybrids and allopolyploids.

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Section: Genome Structure Of Brassica Diploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic and Genomic Effects on Meiotic Pairing in Brassica Hybrids and Allotetraploids from Pair Crosses of Three Cultivated Diploids

Cui

Gautam

et al. 2012

Genetics

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“…The relationship of the six crop species namely, B. rapa (AA, 2n = 20), B. nigra (BB, 2n = 16), B. oleracea (CC, 2n = 18), B. juncea (AABB, 2n = 36), B. napus (AACC, 2n = 38), B. carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) was first described by U [9] and later confirmed by others using molecular markers [10]. Crop Brassicas display a range of morphotypes, which include vegetable types where root, leaves, stems and inflorescence have been modified for human consumption, oilseed types and condiment types, all selected under domestication [11]. Three of the species namely B. juncea , B. napus and B. carinata are recent allopolyploids with the full chromosome compliment of the two parental genomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. rapa as a species shows enormous morphological variability, containing both vegetable types and oilseed types, and has extensive geographical distribution [11,16]. Different morphotypes have been classified under subspecies (ssp.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-seq based SNPs in some agronomically important oleiferous lines of Brassica rapaand their use for genome-wide linkage mapping and specific-region fine mapping

et al. 2013

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BackgroundBrassica rapa (AA) contains very diverse forms which include oleiferous types and many vegetable types. Genome sequence of B. rapa line Chiifu (ssp. pekinensis), a leafy vegetable type, was published in 2011. Using this knowledge, it is important to develop genomic resources for the oleiferous types of B. rapa. This will allow more involved molecular mapping, in-depth study of molecular mechanisms underlying important agronomic traits and introgression of traits from B. rapa to major oilseed crops - B. juncea (AABB) and B. napus (AACC). The study explores the availability of SNPs in RNA-seq generated contigs of three oleiferous lines of B. rapa - Candle (ssp. oleifera, turnip rape), YSPB-24 and Tetra (ssp. trilocularis, Yellow sarson) and their use in genome-wide linkage mapping and specific-region fine mapping using a RIL population between Chiifu and Tetra.ResultsRNA-seq was carried out on the RNA isolated from young inflorescences containing unopened floral buds, floral axis and small leaves, using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Sequence assembly was carried out using the Velvet de-novo programme and the assembled contigs were organised against Chiifu gene models, available in the BRAD-CDS database. RNA-seq confirmed the presence of more than 17,000 single-copy gene models described in the BRAD database. The assembled contigs and the BRAD gene models were analyzed for the presence of SSRs and SNPs. While the number of SSRs was limited, more than 0.2 million SNPs were observed between Chiifu and the three oleiferous lines. Assays for SNPs were designed using KASPar technology and tested on a F7-RIL population derived from a Chiifu x Tetra cross. The design of the SNP assays were based on three considerations - the 50 bp flanking region of the SNPs should be strictly similar, the SNP should have a read-depth of ≥7 and no exon/intron junction should be present within the 101 bp target region. Using these criteria, a total of 640 markers (580 for genome-wide mapping and 60 for specific-region mapping) marking as many genes were tested for mapping. Out of 640 markers that were tested, 594 markers could be mapped unambiguously which included 542 markers for genome-wide mapping and 42 markers for fine mapping of the tet-o locus that is involved with the trait tetralocular ovary in the line Tetra.ConclusionA large number of SNPs and PSVs are present in the transcriptome of B. rapa lines for genome-wide linkage mapping and specific-region fine mapping. Criteria used for SNP identification delivered markers, more than 93% of which could be successfully mapped to the F7–RIL population of Chiifu x Tetra cross.

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“…The geographic center of origin of B. napus is unknown, as records of this crop over the last 500 yr do not predate its origin (Gómez-Campo and Prakash 1999). Although feral populations are common in Europe, there is no evidence of truly wild B. napus populations (Prakash et al 2011). Due to its relatively recent origin, probably as an agricultural hybrid, it has low allelic diversity as compared to that of its progenitors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of B-Genome Introgression Lines ofBrassica napusL.

Dhaliwal

Mason

Bharti

et al. 2017

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Brassica napus introgression lines (ILs), having B-genome segments from B. carinata, were assessed genetically for extent of introgression and phenotypically for siliqua shatter resistance. Introgression lines had 7–9% higher DNA content, were meiotically stable, and had almost normal pollen fertility/seed set. Segment introgressions were confirmed by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH), SSR analyses, and SNP studies. Genotyping with 48 B-genome specific SSRs detected substitutions from B3, B4, B6, and B7 chromosomes on 39 of the 69 ILs whereas SNP genotyping detected a total of 23 B-segments (≥3 Mb) from B4, B6, and B7 introgressed into 10 of the 19 (C1, C2, C3, C5, C6, C8, C9, A3, A9, A10) chromosomes in 17 ILs. The size of substitutions varied from 3.0 Mb on chromosome A9 (IL59) to 42.44 Mb on chromosome C2 (IL54), ranging from 7 to 83% of the recipient chromosome. Average siliqua strength in ILs was observed to be higher than that of B. napus parents (2.2–6.0 vs. 1.9–4.0 mJ) while siliqua strength in some of the lines was almost equal to that of the donor parent B. carinata (6.0 vs.7.2 mJ). These ILs, with large chunks of substituted B-genome, can prove to be a useful prebreeding resource for germplasm enhancement in B. napus, especially for siliqua shatter resistance.

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History, Evolution, and Domestication ofBrassicaCrops

Cited by 61 publications

References 197 publications

Cytoplasmic and Genomic Effects on Meiotic Pairing in Brassica Hybrids and Allotetraploids from Pair Crosses of Three Cultivated Diploids

Cytoplasmic and Genomic Effects on Meiotic Pairing in Brassica Hybrids and Allotetraploids from Pair Crosses of Three Cultivated Diploids

RNA-seq based SNPs in some agronomically important oleiferous lines of Brassica rapaand their use for genome-wide linkage mapping and specific-region fine mapping

Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of B-Genome Introgression Lines ofBrassica napusL.

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