History and Technology Developments of Radio Frequency (RF) Systems for Particle Accelerators

Nassiri, A.; Chase, Brian; Craievich, P.; Fabris, A.; Frischholz, H.; Jacob, J.; Jensen, Erk; Jensen, Morten; Kustom, R.L.; Pasquinelli, Ralph J.

doi:10.1109/tns.2015.2485164

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Perhaps the most large-scale use of particle accelerators is in the scientific realm. High energy particle accelerators have made it possible for the creation of an entire scientific field, that of high energy and nuclear physics [15] [16]. Without highenergy particles created in modern accelerators, like those located at Fermilab, CERN and many others, much of physics would remain out of reach due to the small length scales and high energy required for investigation.…”

Section: Accelerator History and Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Thin Films for The Enhancement of Superconducting Radio Frequency Accelerator Cavities

Burton

2017

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Bulk niobium (Nb) superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are currently the preferred method for acceleration of charged particles at accelerating facilities around the world. However, bulk Nb cavities have poor thermal conductance, impose material and design restrictions on other components of a particle accelerator, have low reproducibility and are approaching the fundamental material-dependent accelerating field limit of approximately 50MV/m. Since the SRF phenomena occurs at surfaces within a shallow depth of ~1 µm, a proposed solution to this problem has been to utilize thin film technology to deposit superconducting thin films on the interior of cavities to engineer the active SRF surface in order to achieve cavities with enhanced properties and performance. Two proposed thin film applications for SRF cavities are: 1) Nb thin films coated on bulk cavities made of suitable castable metals (such as copper or aluminum) and 2) multilayer films designed to increase the accelerating gradient and performance of SRF cavities. While Nb thin films on copper (Cu) cavities have been attempted in the past using DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS), such cavities have never performed at the bulk Nb level. However, new energetic condensation techniques for film deposition, such as High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS), offer the opportunity to create suitably thick Nb films with improved density, microstructure and adhesion compared to traditional DCMS. Clearly use of such novel technique requires fundamental studies to assess surface evolution and growth modes during deposition and resulting microstructure and surface morphology and the correlation with RF superconducting properties. Here we present detailed structure-property correlative research studies done on Nb/Cu thin films and NbN-and NbTiN-based multilayers made using HiPIMS and DCMS, respectively.

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Section: Accelerator History and Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Thin Films for The Enhancement of Superconducting Radio Frequency Accelerator Cavities

Burton

2017

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“…En este sentido, la luz visible es una de las formas de cómo se desplaza la energía, esto producto del resultado de las vibraciones de campos eléctricos y magnéticos (Nassiri, 2016); es por ello que este tipo de ondas hacen parte de los muchos tipos de radiación electromagnética que en el caso en particular ocupa un pequeño rango de la totalidad del espectro electromagnético como se aprecia en la figura 10. Es por ello, por lo que la tecnología Li Fi puede usar todo el espectro de luz visible, en comparación con Wi Fi que usa las bandas de los 2,4 GHz y de los 5 GHz, por lo que todas las conexiones se amontonan en un ancho de banda reducido.…”

Section: Fiunclassified

Optical Wireless Applications

Zhou¹,

Kavehrad²

2017

Handbook of Advanced Lighting Technology

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La presente investigación centra su estudio en el sistema de comunicaciones inalámbricas Li-Fi, el cual centra su idea de funcionamiento en la transmisión de datos a través del parpadeo de una luz LED; el objetivo de esta investigación es el de conseguir operar un bus industrial dentro de la región de la luz visible y no dentro del espectro electromagnético utilizado por Wi Fi, para evitar la saturación del espectro de comunicación actual, alcanzando velocidades iguales o mayores a las utilizadas por la tecnología Wi Fi, con mejoras en el consumo energético y la inmunidad a las interferencias electromagnéticas.Por tal razón, esta investigación busca determinar el posible impacto de la integración del estándar industrial RS 485 con la tecnología Li-Fi, en la operatividad de un sistema ciber físico, al considerar la latencia, la capacidad, la fiabilidad y el consumo energético como parámetros de rendimiento.

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“…Elec tri cal break down is a se ri ous con straint in many tech nol o gies re lated to strong elec tric fields. In ra dio-fre quency (RF) lin ear ac cel er a tors and mi crowave cav i ties RF break down causes lim i ta tions of the max i mum achiev able gra di ent and the re li abil ity of such de vices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Break downs pri mar ily oc cur in areas of high elec tric field, but an elec tric field is far from be ing the only pa ram e ter that might af fect breakdown rate (BDR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation study of direct current vacuum breakdown and its application to high-gradient accelerating structures

Radmilovic-Radjenovic

Radjenovic

2020

NUCL TECH RAD PROT

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It is well known that radio frequency breakdown is one of the main limitations in high frequency accelerators. Similarities have been detected between breakdowns in direct current vacuum gaps and those in superconducting radio frequency cavities. Therefore, cavity break- downs due to electric field phenomena can be understood by studying direct current vacuum breakdowns. Significant irregularity of a surface and a variety of involved processes objectively stipulate a number of factors which may lead to a breakdown. In this paper, the effects of surface conditions, accelerator gradient, pulse length, and operating frequency on the breakdown have been studied by using COMSOL simulation package. It was found that the dependence of breakdown rate on accelerating gradient and pulse length follows scaling laws. Based on the time evolutions of electron density and the potential in cone-cylinder electrode configuration at the pressure of 0.1 Pa, the time scale of a vacuum breakdown has been established. It was also confirmed that the emission from an electrode surface can be regarded as a major factor leading to electrical breakdown in vacuum. The obtained results could be very useful in high-gradient accelerating structures.

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History and Technology Developments of Radio Frequency (RF) Systems for Particle Accelerators

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

Superconducting Thin Films for The Enhancement of Superconducting Radio Frequency Accelerator Cavities

Superconducting Thin Films for The Enhancement of Superconducting Radio Frequency Accelerator Cavities

Optical Wireless Applications

Simulation study of direct current vacuum breakdown and its application to high-gradient accelerating structures

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