History And Epidemiology Of Hepatitis A Virus

Melnick, Joseph L.

doi:10.1093/infdis/171.supplement_1.s2

Cited by 120 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, a higher risk of fulminant hepatitis and death from liver failure has been documented in older people [1] and in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in Italian patients with chronic liver disease

et al. 2001

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SUMMARYTo improve our knowledge for future hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination strategies we carried out a multicentre study on naturally acquired immunological protection against HAV in patients with chronic hepatitis in Italy. We enrolled 830 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis on their first observation at one of the six Italian liver units participating in the study. Six hundred and fifty-eight patients (79n3 %) were positive for total anti-HAV and 172 (20n7%) were negative. The anti-HAV negative patients were younger (median age 33, range 11-78) than the anti-HAV positive (median age 56, 18-87). There was a higher prevalence of cases with circulating anti-HAV among the 508 patients residing in southern Italy than in the 322 residing in northern Italy (88n8% s. 64%, P 0n001). No significant difference in the anti-HAV prevalence was observed between patients from northern Italy and those from southern Italy aged 0-30 years or in those over 60 years, while in those 31-60 years old there was a higher prevalence of anti-HAV positive patients from southern Italy (90n2% s. 65n8%, P 0n0001). Of the patients with liver cirrhosis in this study, only 3 of the 26 (11n5 %) from northern Italy and 8 of the 228 (3n5 %) from southern Italy had no immunological protection against HAV infection. The data suggest that the number of patients with chronic liver disease without naturally acquired immunity against HAV is substantial in Italy, particularly in the north of the country, and that new vaccination strategies are needed.

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“…However, a higher risk of fulminant hepatitis and death from liver failure has been documented in older people [1] and in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in Italian patients with chronic liver disease

et al. 2001

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“…In areas of low endemicity, the overall prevalence is around 25%, outbreaks from a common source are very frequent, risk groups can be defined and severe clinical cases are describe within old cohorts with an increased case fatality rate of 2% 19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…High prevalence rates of more than 90% can also be found mainly among young adults and adolescents, but in this situation, the rate of clinical disease may be higher and occurrences of severe clinical cases are very common 19 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection: the paradoxical example of isolated communities in the western Brazilian Amazon region

Braga

Borges

Júnior

et al. 2009

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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This study evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in the rural area of Lábrea, in the western Brazilian Amazon region. Communities and households were selected randomly. Serum samples were analyzed by means of the immunoenzymatic method for the presence of total antibodies against HAV. The study included 1,499 individuals. The prevalence of anti-HAV was 74.6% (95% CI 72.3-76.8). Univariate analysis showed associations with age (chi-square for linear trend = 496.003, p < 0.001), presence of outside toilet (p < 0.001), history of hepatitis (p < 0.001) and family history of hepatitis (p = 0.05). After adjusting for age, HAV infection also showed an association with the number of people in the family (p = 0.03). The overall prevalence rates were high, but not more than 60% of the children under the age of ten years had already been infected. Very high prevalence was detected only within older cohorts, thus paradoxically defining this as a region with intermediate endemicity, even under the conditions of poverty encountered. Key-words:Hepatitis A virus. Epidemiology. Prevalence. Amazon region. Brazil. RESUMOEste estudo avaliou a prevalência de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite A na área rural de Lábrea, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. Comunidades e domicílios foram selecionados aleatoriamente. Amostras de soro foram analisadas pelo método imunoenzimático para os anticorpos totais contra o vírus da hepatite A. O estudo incluiu 1.499 indivíduos. A prevalência do anti-HAV foi 74,6% (IC 95% 72,3 a 76,8). Análise univariada mostrou associação com idade (qui-quadrado de tendência linear = 496,003, p<0,001), presença de sanitário fora do domicílio (p<0,001), passado de hepatite (p<0,001) e história familiar de hepatite (p=0,05). Depois de controlado por idade, a infecção pelo VHA mostrou também associação com o número de pessoas na família (p=0,03). A prevalência global mostra taxas elevadas, entretanto não mais do que 60% dos menores de 10 anos, já são infectados, e prevalências elevadas são detectadas em coortes de mais idade, mostrando paradoxalmente uma definição de região de endemicidade intermediária, mesmo nas condições de pobreza encontradas. Palavras-chaves:Vírus da hepatite A. Epidemiologia. Prevalência. Região amazônica. Brasil.

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“…Because the disease is underreported and the infection often goes unnoticed, the epidemiology is best defined by measuring humoral antibodies. Anti-HAV IgG presence represents the cumulative rate of infection, both current and past (1,2). The aim of this study is to determine the age-specific prevalence of hepatitis A virus and associated risk factors in children in Ankara, Turkey.…”

Section: S Su Um MM Ma Ar Ry Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Spesific Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Hepatitis a in Children in Ankara, Turkey

KILIÇARSLAN¹,

GÜL²,

Arslan³

et al. 2003

Journal of Ankara Medical School

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Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus and is transmitted predominantly through the faecal-oral route. Hepatitis A transmission is highly correlated with low socio-economic status and poor sanitary conditions. The mean age at which hepatitis A virus infection has been shown to differ in developing and developed countries, with infections occuring in younger age groups in 81 G N L TANIR, FUNDA KILI ARSLAN, NE E G L, ZAFER ARSLAN G Gö ön nü ül l T Ta an nı ır r* * ✥ F Fu un nd da a K Kı ıl lı ıç ça ar rs sl la an n* ** * ✥ N Ne eş şe e G Gö öl l* ** ** * ✥ Z Za af fe er r A Ar rs sl la an n* ** ** ** * Among the potential risk factors for transmission, significant differences were noted with respect to age of the subjects, school and institution for mentally retarded children attendance, maternal and paternal education levels, monthly household income, crowding, and sanitary facilities. Only crowding living conditions had a significant correlation with seroprevalence (r=0.517, p<0.001). Of the various potential risk factors examined, logistic regression analysis indicated that, only the age of the subject was independently associated with increased hepatitis A seropositivity.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Hepatitis A, Seroprevalence, Children, Risk Factors Ö ÖZ ZE ET T H He ep pa at ti it t A A E En nf fe ek ks si iy yo on nu un nu un n Y Ya aş şa a--Ö Öz zg gü ü S Se er ro op pr re ev va al la an ns sı ı v ve e İ İl li iş şk ki il li i R Ri is sk k F Fa ak kt tö ör rl le er ri i Bu çalışma çocuklarda HAV infeksiyonunun yaş spesifik prevalansını ve ilişkili risk faktörlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yaşları 7-192 ay arasında değişen, hastaneye gastrointestinal sistem dışı hastalıkları nedeniyle başvuran, acil ve kronik hastalığı olmayan 544 çocuk (320 erkek, 224 kız) çalışmaya alınmıştır. Her grup 136 kişi olacak şekilde dört yaş grubu oluşturulmuştur. Serum HAV IgG testi ticari ELISA kitleri kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma popülasyonunda HAV seroprevalansı % 41.2 bulunmuştur. Seroprevalans Grup 1' de (7-24 ay) % 44, Grup 2' de (25-72 ay) % 38, Grup 3' de (73-132 ay) % 59, Grup 4' de (≥ 133 ay) % 87 bulunmuş, seroprevalansın Grup 2 ile Grup 4 arasında arttığı saptanmıştır (p<0.001). Bulaşma için potansiyel risk faktörlerinden çocuk bakımevinde kalma, okula gitme, anne ve babanın eğitim düzeyinin düşüklüğü, evin aylık gelirinin düşüklüğü, kalabalık evde yaşama ve kanalizasyonlu tuvaletin olmaması ile HAV seropozitivitesi arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Seropozitivite ile belirgin korelasyon gösteren tek faktörün ise kalabalık yaşama koşulları olduğu belirlenmiştir (r = 0.517, p<0.001). Lojistik regresyon analizinde seroprevalansla ilişkili bağımsız tek faktörün yaş olduğu ortaya konmuştur.A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Hepatit A, Seroprevalans, Çocuklar, Risk Faktörleri

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History And Epidemiology Of Hepatitis A Virus

Cited by 120 publications

References 17 publications

Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in Italian patients with chronic liver disease

Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in Italian patients with chronic liver disease

Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection: the paradoxical example of isolated communities in the western Brazilian Amazon region

Age-Spesific Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Hepatitis a in Children in Ankara, Turkey

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