History and Development of Polybenzimidazoles

Powers, E.J.; Serad, George A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7073-4_34

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) are an important class of heterocyclic polymers that were first reported in 1959 with the development of the first aromatic PBI reported shortly thereafter, in 1961 . Polybenzimidazole was originally synthesized and investigated as a thermally stable, oxidatively resistant material . Since the early development, numerous variations of PBI derivatives have been reported .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution polymerization of polybenzimidazole

Fishel¹,

Gulledge²,

Pingitore³

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Polybenzimidazoles (PBI) are an important class of heterocyclic polymers that exhibit high thermal and oxidative stabilities. The two dominant polymerization methods used for the synthesis of PBI are the melt/solid polymerization route and solution polymerization using polyphosphoric acid as the solvent. Both methods have been widely used to produce high-molecular weight PBI, but also highlight the obvious absence of a practical organic solution-based method of polymerization. This current work explores the synthesis of highmolecular weight meta-PBI in N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc). Initially, model compound studies examined the reactivity of small molecules with various chemical functionalities that could be used to produce 2-phenyl-benzimidazole in high yield with minimal side reactions. 1 H NMR and FTIR studies indicated that benzimidazoles could be efficiently synthesized in DMAc by reaction of an o-diamine and the bisulfite adduct of an aromatic aldehyde. Polymerizations were conducted at various polymer concentrations (2-26 wt % polymer) using difunctional monomers to optimize reaction conditions in DMAc which resulted in the preparation of high-molecular weight m-PBI (inherent viscosities up to 1.3 dL g 21 ). TGA and DSC confirmed that m-PBI produced via this route has comparable properties to that of commercial m-PBI. This method is advantageous in that it not only allows for high-polymer concentrations of m-PBI to be synthesized directly and efficiently, but can be applied to the synthesis of many PBI derivatives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution polymerization of polybenzimidazole

Fishel¹,

Gulledge²,

Pingitore³

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…Hoel and Grunwald (1977) reported on proton conductivity values of PBI in the range of 2  10 -4 -8  10 -4 S/cm at relative humidities (RH) between 0 and 100%. Other authors observed proton conductivity some two to three orders of magnitude lower (Aharoni & Litt, 1974;Glipa et al, 1997;Powers & Serad, 1986). PBI is a suitable basic polymer which can readily be complexed with strong acids Glipa et al, 1997;Y.L.…”

Section: Polybenzimidazole (Pbi)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…PBI is a suitable basic polymer which can readily be complexed with strong acids Glipa et al, 1997;Y.L. Ma et al, 2004;Powers & Serad, 1986;Samms et al, 1996;Savadogo & B. Xing, 2000;Wainright et al, 1995Wainright et al, , 1997J.T. Wang et al, 1996aJ.T.…”

Section: Polybenzimidazole (Pbi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xing & Savadogo, 1999). The immersion of PBI film in aqueous phosphoric acid leads to an increase in both its conductivity and thermal stability (Powers & Serad, 1986). Savinell and co-workers prepared PBI/H 3 PO 4 via two different routes: a) directly casting a film of PBI from a solution containing phosphoric acid; b) preparation by immersion of a preformed PBI membrane in 11M phosphoric acid for several days (Samms et al, 1996;Wainright et al, 1997).…”

Section: Polybenzimidazole (Pbi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Membranes Development for Low Temperature Fuel Cell Applications

Mokrani¹

2012

Advances in Chemical Engineering

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“…The polymer simply dissolved and re-precipitated after water dilution without reaction. Sulfonation was subsequently accomplished by soaking membranes, which were cast from a DMF solution doped with LiC1, in a 10% &SO4 solution and then heating the swollen membrane at 300' C. This was based on a procedure obtained fiom Hoechst-Celanese (19). Initially, the swollen membranes were heated for one hour; this gave very brittle films that were not useful.…”

Section: Pesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Hydrogen Production

2016

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History and Development of Polybenzimidazoles

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Solution polymerization of polybenzimidazole

Solution polymerization of polybenzimidazole

Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Membranes Development for Low Temperature Fuel Cell Applications

Sustainable Hydrogen Production

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