▪ History and Current Status of Percutaneous Arthroscopic Disc Surgery

Abstract

Proper patient selection is paramount to a successful outcome of arthroscopic disc surgery. Sequestered migrated herniations and large central herniations at L5-S1 in individuals with elevated iliac crests will require open surgery.

Learning Curve and Clinical Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

“…The use of the term "learning curve" in the medical fi eld began in the 1970s, and it began to be frequently mentioned as minimally invasive surgery using a laparoscope, and especially the laparoscopic cholecystectomy gained attention as a new surgical method. 16 References to the term "learning curve" in the fi eld of spinal surgery appeared frequently as laparoscopic lumbosacral fusion 21 and discectomy 26 using an arthroscope were developed in the mid1990s. More recently, many studies have analyzed the learning curves for surgical techniques, especially since the introduction of thoracoscopic surgery.…”

Development of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PELD)Technology in China

“…It was called Arthroscopic Microdiscectomy (AMD) [1,2]. The access portal was called "Kambin's Triangle, with the discectomy technique through a "safe" puncture fenestration through an anatomical triangular zone bordered by the facet and foraminal ligament dorsally, the exiting nerve ventrally and the endplate of the caudal margin of the triangle.…”

Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery: Emerging Techniques and Expanding Role through an Extensive Review of the Literature and Our Own Experience – Part II: Extraendoscopic Neurosurgery

“…Lumbar disc herniations can be accessed endoscopically through an interlaminar approach for a posterolateral access [115,116,117] or a transforaminal approach for a posterolateral [118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125] or lateral access [126]. These extraendoscopic techniques have been promising as a safe supplement to the conventional open techniques without compromising surgical goals, with the caveat that a multicenter study is necessary in order to assess generalizability.…”