Historicising sulfur mining, lime extraction and geotourism in Indonesia and Australia

Protschky, Susanne; Morgan, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.exis.2021.02.001

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Artisanal and small-scale gold mining is carried out in more than 70 countries by approximately 10 to 15 million miners, including 4 to 5 million women and children. Although ASGM activities occur worldwide, they are most prevalent in South America, Africa, and Asia [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Mining in the Amazon Region of Ecuador: History and a Review of Its Socio-Environmental Impacts

Mestanza-Ramón

Cuenca-Cumbicus²,

D’Orio

et al. 2022

Land

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Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and large-scale mining in the Ecuadorian Amazon region is potentially harmful to nature, and its impacts are associated with environmental degradation and deterioration of people’s health. So far, limited efforts have been directed at exploring the current situation and challenges facing the implementation of environmental policies in the country. The objective of this study focused on analyzing the historical and current situation and challenges of ASGM in the Amazon region of Ecuador in relation to a political perspective (laws), socioeconomic impacts (population displacement, loss of livelihoods, migration of people, cost of living, water scarcity, and health impacts), and environmental impacts (biotic and abiotic). The methodology used was based on a literature review and interviews, and information that was discussed through an expert judgment allowed for establishing challenges to improve ASGM management. The main results indicate that lack of community participation in decision-making, insufficient coordination between government institutions, communities, and miners, and lack of control of mining activities are factors that contribute to ineffective compliance with environmental policies in the gold mining sector in the Amazon. Finally, the study concludes by considering the socioeconomic and environmental scopes within its findings for implementing effective environmental and social policies in the Amazon region of Ecuador.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Mining in the Amazon Region of Ecuador: History and a Review of Its Socio-Environmental Impacts

Mestanza-Ramón

Cuenca-Cumbicus²,

D’Orio

et al. 2022

Land

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“…It is not only a source of income for individuals but also contributes to the economic development of nations. [1,2] This industry has experienced a global boom in recent years. Until the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, the volume of international tourism increased significantly: around 1.5 billion crossborder travel arrivals were accounted for worldwide in 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between waterfalls and biodiversity as a key element for sustainable development and tourism in Amazonian communities

Mestanza Ramón,

Jiménez Caballero

2024

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The importance of waterfalls in the Ecuadorian Amazon is highlighted as a fundamental component for promoting sustainable development and boosting tourism in local communities. Indeed, it is emphasized that these natural spaces not only dazzle with their imposing scenic beauty, but also play a vital role in preserving the ecological balance and biological richness of the area. Consequently, their protection and care should be a priority in tourism development policies. It is also noted that nature tourism centered on waterfalls has enormous potential to generate significant economic benefits for the Amazonian populations. However, it should be noted that for these benefits to be truly sustainable over time, it is essential to implement conscious and responsible tourism initiatives that prevent the deterioration of ecosystems and ensure a fair and equitable distribution of the income generated. This research highlights the imperative need to embrace a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to protect and sustainably manage the waterfalls of the Ecuadorian Amazon, harmonising the optimisation of economic benefits for local communities, the application of responsible tourism practices and the enhancement of their ecological and cultural significance. Only through this holistic approach will it be possible to ensure the preservation of these natural treasures for future generations, while promoting equitable and environmentally friendly socio-economic development.

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“…Limestone and sulfur stone are abundant materials found in Indonesia [9]. In this study, the experimental result of industrial wastewater treatment containing ammonium nitrate using a bioreactor with limestone and sulfur stone was provided in order to determine the efficiency of nitrate reduction at various residence times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Denitrification of ammonium nitrate industrial wastewater using sulfur and limestone packed bioreactor

Nugroho¹,

Ikbal²,

Said³

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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One of the ammonium nitrate industries in Indonesia, PT.X, is located in West Java. This industry produces wastewater containing 1890 mg/L ammonia-nitrogen, 1800 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen, and 51 mg/L nitrite-nitrogen. In industrial treatment, this wastewater is treated using activated sludge nitrification and anoxic denitrification by adding carbon sources such as methanol or glucose. Denitrification process using autotrophic bacteria is applied in wastewater treatment as an alternative method for reducing the cost of wastewater treatment. The bacteria can grow and develop on elemental sulfur. This paper presents the results of industrial wastewater treatment of ammonium nitrate by two processes: nitrification using activated sludge and denitrification using sulfur and limestone packed-bed bioreactors. Sulfur was used as an electron donor, reducing nitrate to nitrogen gas with sulfate as a by-product. Limestone was used as a material that could minimize the pH decrease caused by the sulfate formation. The residence time applied in this study was from 1 to 4 days; the longer the residence time, the higher the efficiency of nitrogen nitrate reduction. The highest efficiency of nitrate-nitrogen reduction was 97%, achieved at a residence time of 4 days at the nitrate-nitrogen initial concentration of 2,000 mg/L. The water pH during the denitrification process was in the range of 6.5-7.5, meeting the pH quality standard to be discharged into the environment.

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Historicising sulfur mining, lime extraction and geotourism in Indonesia and Australia

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Gold Mining in the Amazon Region of Ecuador: History and a Review of Its Socio-Environmental Impacts

Gold Mining in the Amazon Region of Ecuador: History and a Review of Its Socio-Environmental Impacts

The link between waterfalls and biodiversity as a key element for sustainable development and tourism in Amazonian communities

Denitrification of ammonium nitrate industrial wastewater using sulfur and limestone packed bioreactor

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