Historical α-HCH budget in the Arctic Ocean: the Arctic Mass Balance Box Model (AMBBM)

Li, Y.F; Macdonald, Robie W.; Ma, Jianmin; Hung, Hayley; Venkatesh, S.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.022

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After the early 1990s, decreasing emissions of α ‐HCH into the atmosphere were superseded by the historical burden of α ‐HCH in upper ocean waters, accumulated over 40 years of technical HCH use. As a result, ocean currents have become a significant pathway to transport α ‐HCH into the Arctic Ocean [ Macdonald et al , 2000; Li et al , 2004]. Moreover, Ocean current through the Bering Strait is believed to be an important pathway for β ‐HCH entering into the Arctic because of relatively low Henry's Law Constant (HLC) of β ‐HCH compare to other POPs [ Li et al , 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and air–sea exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the North Pacific and the Arctic

Cai¹,

Ma²,

Xie³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Surface seawater and boundary layer air samples were collected on the icebreaker Xuelong (Snow Dragon) during the Fourth Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2010) cruise in the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans during 2010. Samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including three isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and two isomers of heptachlor epoxide. The gaseous total HCH (SHCHs) concentrations were approximately four times lower (average 12.0 pg m À3 ) than those measured during CHINARE2008 (average 51.4 pg m À3 ), but were comparable to those measured during CHINARE2003 (average 13.4 pg m À3 ) in the same study area. These changes are consistent with the evident retreat of sea ice coverage from 2003 to 2008 and increase of sea ice coverage from 2008 to 2009 and 2010. Gaseous b-HCH concentrations in the atmosphere were typically below the method detection limit, consistent with the expectation that ocean currents provide the main transport pathway for b-HCH into the Arctic. The concentrations of all dissolved HCH isomers in seawater increase with increasing latitude, and levels of dissolved HCB also increase (from 5.7 to 7.1 pg L À1 ) at high latitudes (above 73 N). These results illustrate the role of cold condensation processes in the transport of OCPs. The observed air-sea gas exchange gradients in the Arctic Ocean mainly favored net deposition of OCPs, with the exception of those for b-HCH, which favored volatilization.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and air–sea exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the North Pacific and the Arctic

Cai¹,

Ma²,

Xie³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The γ -HCH-laden air sinks only over the Arctic by a strong downward motion -a signature of the downdraft of the Polar cell. In contrast, air concentration is considerably lower near the surface over a broad range from 20-60 • N as compared with higher air concentrations in the mid-troposphere, indicating that the atmospheric transport of the chemical to the Arctic under the mean meridional atmospheric circulation is a "one-hop" pathway (Macdonald et al, 2004).…”

Section: Non-steady State 2-d Transportmentioning

confidence: 93%

Atmospheric transport of persistent semi-volatile organic chemicals to the Arctic and cold condensation in the mid-troposphere – Part 1: 2-D modeling in mean atmosphere

2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In the first part of this study for revisiting the cold condensation effect on global distribution of semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs), the atmospheric transport of SVOCs to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere in a mean meridional atmospheric circulation over the Northern Hemisphere was simulated by a two-dimensional (2-D) atmospheric transport model. Results show that under the mean meridional atmospheric circulation the long-range atmospheric transport of SVOCs from warm latitudes to the Arctic occurs primarily in the mid-troposphere. Although major sources are in low and mid-latitude soils, the modeled air concentration of SVOCs in the mid-troposphere is of the same order as or higher than that near the surface, demonstrating that the mid-troposphere is an important pathway and reservoir of SVOCs. The cold condensation of the chemicals is also likely to take place in the mid-troposphere over a source region of SVOCs in warm low latitudes through interacting with clouds. We demonstrate that the temperature dependent vapour pressure and atmospheric degradation rate of SVOCs exhibit similarities between lower atmosphere over the Arctic and the mid-troposphere over a tropical region. Frequent occurrence of atmospheric ascending motion and convection over warm latitudes carry the chemicals to a higher altitude where some of these chemicals may partition onto solid or aqueous phase through interaction with atmospheric aerosols, cloud water droplets and ice particles, and become more persistent at lower temperatures. Stronger winds in the mid-troposphere then convey solid and aqueous phase chemicals to the Arctic where they sink by large-scale descending motion and wet deposition. Using calculated water droplet-air partitioning coefficient of several persistent orCorrespondence to: J. Ma (jianmin.ma@ec.gc.ca) ganic semi-volatile chemicals under a mean air temperature profile from the equator to the North Pole we propose that clouds are likely important sorbing media for SVOCs and pathway of the cold condensation effect and poleward atmospheric transport. The role of deposition and atmospheric descending motion in the cold condensation effect over the Arctic is also discussed.

show abstract

“…HCB) are sensitive to this temperature effect (e.g. Li et al, 2004). Measurements made as early as 1993 (Jantunen and Bidleman, 1996) showed that atmospheric declines in α-HCH, due to curtailment of technical-HCH use by China and India (e.g.…”

Section: 2 the Effect Of Sea-ice On Contaminants In The Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the global cryosphere in the fate of organic contaminants

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The cryosphere is an important component of global organic contaminant cycles. Snow is an efficient scavenger of atmospheric organic pollutants while a seasonal snowpack, sea ice, glaciers and ice caps are contaminant reservoirs on time scales ranging from days to millennia. Important physical and chemical processes occurring in the various cryospheric compartments impact contaminant cycling and fate. A variety of interactions and feedbacks also occur within the cryospheric system, most of which are susceptible to perturbations due to climate change. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the transport and processing of organic contaminants in the global cryosphere with an emphasis on the role of a changing climate. Given the complexity of contaminant interactions with the cryosphere and limitations on resources and research capacity, interdisciplinary research and extended collaborations are essential to close identified knowledge gaps and to improve our understanding of contaminant fate under a changing climate.

show abstract

Historical α-HCH budget in the Arctic Ocean: the Arctic Mass Balance Box Model (AMBBM)

Cited by 58 publications

References 46 publications

Distribution and air–sea exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the North Pacific and the Arctic

Distribution and air–sea exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the North Pacific and the Arctic

Atmospheric transport of persistent semi-volatile organic chemicals to the Arctic and cold condensation in the mid-troposphere – Part 1: 2-D modeling in mean atmosphere

The role of the global cryosphere in the fate of organic contaminants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About