Historical trends of survival among widows and widowers

Bringing the individual back to small-area variation studies: A multilevel analysis of all-cause mortality in Andalusia, Spain

“…Furthermore, it is known that the death of one partner increases the risk of death of the other, which might explain part of the household clustering of mortality (Mineau et al, 2002).…”

The Effects of Sociodemographic Characteristics on Chinese Elders′ Perception of the Image of Ageing

“…The demographic variables commonly examined in research include race, gender, age, income, educational attainment, employment status, home ownership, and residence location. Other than the above, marital status has been found in a number of studies to exert an influence on the health and mortality rate of older adults [37][38][39]; living arrangements, family ties, and neighborhood relationships are other factors that are considered to be of particular importance on shaping the image of the elderly living in collectivistic societies like China [40]; lastly, illnesses suffered by elderly people, as well as the level of their daily activities, is viewed as important to predict their well-being. In summary, Sociodemographic variables that would be examined in this study as for their impact on the image of ageing include residence location, age, gender, education, income, previous employment, marital status, working status, living arrangement, neighborhood relationships, health, and levels of daily activities.…”

Gender, Aging and Widowhood

“…The majority of studies find that the effects of widowhood on mortality are most acute during the first few weeks (Kaprio et al 1987;Martikainen and Valkonen 1996b) or months (Bowling 1987;Manor and Eisenbach 2003;Manzoli et al 2007;Mineau et al 2002;Schaefer et al 1995) after bereavement, whereas far fewer find both short-term and long-term excess mortality among widowed persons (Mellstrom et al 1982). Most studies attribute the short-term consequences to social selection, shared environment and the fact that the stressors associated with bereavement attenuate with the passage of time.…”

“…The vast majority of studies show that the effects are stronger for men than women (Bowling 1987;Martikainen and Valkonen 1996b;Mineau, Smith, and Bean 2002;Stroebe and Stroebe 1983), yet Manor and Eisenbach (2003) found no significant gender differences (see also Lund et al 1986;Jones et al 1984). Manor and Eisenbach (2003) observed that their nonsignificant gender differences could reflect cultural context, or that different pathways operate for men and women.…”