Historical Transition of Sexuality Education in Japan and Outline of Reproductive Health/Rights

Nishioka, Emiko

doi:10.1265/jjh.73.178

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…According to the latest survey carried out every 2 years by the Japan Family Planning Association, only 50% of women and 40% of men in 2017 were aware of the available emergency contraceptive methods . In Japan, no specific actions leading to pregnancy, or information on contraceptive and emergency contraceptive methods, are included in the compulsory sex education curriculum . Indeed, the present results showed that over 70% of women learned about emergency contraceptive methods via the internet or friends, compared with less than 6% at school.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Pregnancy rate after emergency contraception with single‐dose oral levonorgestrel in Japanese women

Sakurai¹

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aim To evaluate the pregnancy rate in Japanese women treated with levonorgestrel for emergency contraception. Methods This retrospective record‐based medical study included 1000 women who visited our clinic for emergency contraceptive treatment with 1.5 mg single‐dose oral levonorgestrel, followed by 50 μg hormonal oral contraceptive from May 2011 to December 2017. The outcomes of the emergency contraceptive treatment were recorded at a follow‐up visit, and descriptive statistics were obtained. Results The number of women treated with levonorgestrel at the clinic increased from 2011 to 2015, but there was no subsequent increase thereafter. Most women were in their 20s (57.4%), followed by their 30s (19.3%) and teens (18.3%). Of the 1000 women treated with levonorgestrel, 659 were followed up. Among the 659 women with follow‐up data, 16 were pregnant (2.4%), of whom 11 underwent abortions, three had miscarriages, and two delivered at term. The timing of unprotected sexual intercourse relative to the estimated ovulation date among the pregnant women ranged from −3 to 23 days. The most commonly used contraceptive method before the emergency contraceptive visit was condoms (89.3%, 887/993). No new safety concerns were identified throughout the study period. Conclusion The pregnancy rate after levonorgestrel treatment in Japanese women was low, and similar to that reported in previous studies. Information on contraceptive methods and emergency contraception with levonorgestrel needs to be better disseminated among women of childbearing age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Pregnancy rate after emergency contraception with single‐dose oral levonorgestrel in Japanese women

Sakurai¹

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…Therefore, it is not clear whether this difference that was found was due to the type of pharmacy program undertaken and its curriculum, or the younger age of the participants who had graduated from the 6-year program. Sex education received in primary and secondary schools differs with age; therefore, the age of participants could affect the inclination to provide SRH services [28]. It is also important to consider that sex education provided in Japan may not be adequate and needs improvement [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Health Services: Attitudes and Practice of Japanese Community Pharmacists

et al. 2021

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The provision of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services is an important part of a community pharmacist’s role in many countries. However, such services are not traditionally provided by pharmacists in Japan. We surveyed the practice and attitudes regarding the provision of SRH services among Japanese community pharmacists with a focus on reproductive health (RH) topics. The participants were asked about the provision of RH services, attitudes toward their role as SRH providers, and self-reported confidence in providing education to patients on RH topics. We obtained 534 effective responses. About half of the participants reported providing RH services, and only 21% were involved in dispensing emergency contraception pills. Although the proportion of pharmacists providing education on these topics was considerably lower, about 80% recognized the importance of their role as SRH advisors. Confidence in providing patient education about RH topics depended on their experience in providing such services. Most participants were interested in additional SRH training (80%). Our results suggest that training programs could help to expand Japanese community pharmacists’ roles as SRH providers and increase their confidence in the education of patients. This study provides useful insights to expand pharmacists’ roles in Japan as providers of comprehensive SRH services.

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“…It is a woman’s fundamental human right to choose and determine (the right to self-determination) whether to marry, whether to have children, when to have children, how many children to have, and how much of a gap to leave between each child. To consider and come to a decision on this, women need accurate information [7]. Fertility depends on age and begins to decline earlier in women than in men.…”

Section: Proactive Education On Reproductive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

For making a declaration of countermeasures against the falling birth rate from the Japanese Society for Hygiene: summary of discussion in the working group on academic research strategy against an aging society with low birth rate

Nomura

Karita

Ikeda‐Araki

et al. 2019

Environ Health Prev Med

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In 1952, the Japanese Society for Hygiene had once passed a resolution at its 22nd symposium on population control, recommending the suppression of population growth based on the idea of cultivating a healthier population in the area of eugenics. Over half a century has now passed since this recommendation; Japan is witnessing an aging of the population (it is estimated that over 65-year-olds made up 27.7% of the population in 2017) and a decline in the birth rate (total fertility rate 1.43 births per woman in 2017) at a rate that is unparalleled in the world; Japan is faced with a “super-aging” society with low birth rate. In 2017, the Society passed a resolution to encourage all scientists to engage in academic researches to address the issue of the declining birth rate that Japan is currently facing. In this commentary, the Society hereby declares that the entire text of the 1952 proposal is revoked and the ideas relating to eugenics is rejected. Since the Society has set up a working group on the issue in 2016, there have been three symposiums, and working group committee members began publishing a series of articles in the Society’s Japanese language journal. This commentary primarily provides an overview of the findings from the published articles, which will form the scientific basis for the Society’s declaration. The areas we covered here included the following: (1) improving the social and work environment to balance between the personal and professional life; (2) proactive education on reproductive health; (3) children’s health begins with nutritional management in women of reproductive age; (4) workplace environment and occupational health; (5) workplace measures to counter the declining birth rate; (6) research into the effect of environmental chemicals on sexual maturity, reproductive function, and the children of next generation; and (7) comprehensive research into the relationship among contemporary society, parental stress, and healthy child-rearing. Based on the seven topics, we will set out a declaration to address Japan’s aging society with low birth rate.

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Historical Transition of Sexuality Education in Japan and Outline of Reproductive Health/Rights

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Pregnancy rate after emergency contraception with single‐dose oral levonorgestrel in Japanese women

Pregnancy rate after emergency contraception with single‐dose oral levonorgestrel in Japanese women

Reproductive Health Services: Attitudes and Practice of Japanese Community Pharmacists

For making a declaration of countermeasures against the falling birth rate from the Japanese Society for Hygiene: summary of discussion in the working group on academic research strategy against an aging society with low birth rate

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