Historical overview and update on subluxation theories

Vernon, Howard

doi:10.1016/j.echu.2010.07.001

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The change in structure or movement caused by the "adjustment" is hypothesized to change nervous system function, resulting in improved health. 28 To determine where to manipulate, chiropractic relies on a wide variety of techniques that may include radiographs, biomechanics, leg length, palpation, and many others. 29 This case describes the inclusion of a functional neurology approach that theoretically evaluates for low-functioning components within a "circuit" or pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiropractic management using a brain-based model of care for a 15-year-old adolescent boy with migraine headaches and behavioral and learning difficulties: a case report

Kuhn¹,

Cambron

2013

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this report is to describe chiropractic management, using a brain-based model of care, of a teen who had migraine headaches and several social and learning difficulties. Clinical features: A 15-year-old adolescent boy with a chronic history of migraines and more than 10 years of learning and behavioral difficulties, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome, presented for chiropractic care. Intervention and outcome: The patient received spinal manipulation and was given home physical coordination activities that were contralateral to the side of the involved basal ganglia and ipsilateral to the involved cerebellum, along with interactive metronome training. Quantitative changes were noted in neurological soft signs, tests of variables of attention Conners' Parent Rating Scale, the California Achievement Test, grade point, and reduction of medications. The patient reported qualitative improvements in tics, attention, reading, vision, health, relationships with his peers and his family, and self-esteem. Conclusion: The patient with migraine headaches and learning difficulties responded well to the course of chiropractic care. This study suggests that there may be value in a brain-based model of care in the chiropractic management of conditions that are beyond musculoskeletal in nature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiropractic management using a brain-based model of care for a 15-year-old adolescent boy with migraine headaches and behavioral and learning difficulties: a case report

Kuhn¹,

Cambron

2013

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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“…Another potential limitation is that we only compared the results to another chiropractic school and not with a similar heath care profession. Perhaps a fraction of medical students also believes in 19th century medical concepts such as, smoking is good for you and 'miasmas' are the cause of cholera; theories that became obsolete around the same time as chiropractic conservatism emerged (3,24,25).…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some argue that spinal 'adjustments' in accordance with the so-called meric system can have a bene cial effect on the autonomic nervous system, thereby improving the functioning of internal organs (2). Others make reference to outright vitalistic notions of an inner life force called 'innate intelligence' (3). Finally, albeit less common, theories include improving the circulation of cerebrospinal uid (4) and bringing dormant neurons of the central nervous system back to function, by means of spinal 'adjustments' (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Chiropractic Conservatism and the Ability to make Appropriate Clinical decisions: A Survey on Chiropractic Students in Denmark

Nim

O’Neill

Lauridsen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background We investigated whether a university-based educational system would overrule the strong link (odds ratios >20) between chiropractic conservatism and the inability to recognize non-indications to chiropractic treatment that had been shown to exist in a previous study of a private chiropractic college. We i) sought to define the clinical decision profile of the students in a university-based course embedded in a medical school, and ii) investigated whether students’ clinical judgment was affected by their conservatism score determined from a ten item questionnaire and collapsed into four categories.Methods In a cross-sectional survey, 3 rd to 5 th year chiropractic students, attending the University of Southern Denmark and recently graduated interns were categorized into four levels of conservatism, which were cross-tabulated with the ability to answer appropriately on 9 cases concerning i) contra-indications, ii) non-indications and iii) indications to chiropractic treatment. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.Results In all, 146 participants (76%) completed the survey, of which 70% belonged in the two lowest conservatism groups with three outliers (group 4). Their ability to answer correctly to the clinical cases was generally acceptable. The level of conservatism (categories 1-3) was moderately (but not statistically significantly) associated with an inability to recognize non -indications to treatment (odds ratios ~3.5). Three outliers (category 4), however, answered inappropriately on the majority of the 9 clinical cases.Conclusions The Danish students’ clinical acumen in correctly judging the appropriateness of spinal manipulation in the clinical cases was fairly similar to that shown in the previous survey on chiropractic students attending a private college. Contrary to the findings at the private college, the level of conservatism did not have a strong association with the inability to recognize non-indications. Although a university-based education does not immunize its students against chiropractic conservatism, it does appear to attenuate its consequences on their clinical judgment.

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“…This sentiment has been noted in a variety of fields, from dance education to corporate governance to disability, and more [1][2][3][4][5]. The chiropractic profession uses words and phrases in a unique way to express traditional chiropractic-specific theories and concepts [6,7]. This lexicon reinforces the separation of chiropractic from other health care professions [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Words matter: the prevalence of chiropractic-specific terminology on Australian chiropractors’ websites

Young

2020

Chiropr Man Therap

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Background: Chiropractors use words and phrases in unique ways to express traditional, chiropractic-specific theories. This lexicon represents concepts that reinforce the separation of chiropractic from other health care professions. It may impact referrals both to and from chiropractors, lead to public confusion about health care issues, and reduce cross-disciplinary research. Therefore, it is important to understand how prevalent chiropracticspecific terms are in publicly available media. Methods: Five chiropractic terms were selected: subluxation, adjustment, vital (−ism/−istic), wellness, and Innate (Intelligence). States and territories in Australia were proportionately sampled according to population of chiropractors using a Google search for chiropractors' private practice websites. The top results were recorded. Websites were word-searched on every publicly available page for the five terms. Context was checked to count only terms that were used to support a chiropractic-specific concepts. The number of occurrences of each term was recorded, tallied nationally and by state/territory. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine prevalence. Results: Three hundred sixty-nine websites were sampled, based on an estimate of 5500 chiropractors practising in Australia. Nationally, 85% of chiropractors used one or more terms. The term adjust (−ing/−ment) occurred most frequently, being found on 283 websites (77%) with a total of 2249 occurrences. Wellness was found on 199 websites (54%) with 872 occurrences; subluxation was found on 104 websites (28%), 489 occurrences; vital (−ism/ −istic) on 71 websites (19%) with 158 occurrences; and Innate was least used, being found on 39 websites (11%) with 137 occurrences. Conclusion: A majority of the Australian chiropractors sampled used one or more chiropractic-specific terms on their websites. Future research should explore the effects of chiropractic language on the public, policy-makers, and other health care professionals.

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Historical overview and update on subluxation theories

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Chiropractic management using a brain-based model of care for a 15-year-old adolescent boy with migraine headaches and behavioral and learning difficulties: a case report

Chiropractic management using a brain-based model of care for a 15-year-old adolescent boy with migraine headaches and behavioral and learning difficulties: a case report

The Association Between Chiropractic Conservatism and the Ability to make Appropriate Clinical decisions: A Survey on Chiropractic Students in Denmark

Words matter: the prevalence of chiropractic-specific terminology on Australian chiropractors’ websites

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