Historical lead seals and the influence of disinfectants on the lead corrosion rate

Msallamová, Šárka; Kouřil, Milan; Strachotova, Kristyna Charllote; Stoulil, J.; Popova, Kateryna; Dvořáková, Pavla

doi:10.1186/s40494-019-0260-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The corrosion rate is the derivative of the decrease in the thickness by time (v k = dh dt ). The corrosion rate of lead was evaluated as the slope of the regression straight line in a selected section of the recording of the decrease in the thickness [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of lead in an environment containing acetic acid vapour by using adsorbents and their characterization

et al. 2019

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Historical museums and depositories contain collections with a number of lead objects or historical documents with lead seals. Lead is a metal which has good corrosion resistance under atmospheric conditions. On the other hand, lead corrodes in an activity in an environment which contains volatile organic compounds (mainly acetic acid and formic acid). In a depository environment, sources of volatile compounds can be the historical documents themselves, wood, plastics (those made from cellulose acetate), polyvinyl acetate adhesives, varnishes, oil or emulsion paints, etc. The aim of this work was to compare the efficiency of commercial adsorbents (activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolite, and bentonite) in the acetic acid vapours. The lead corrosion rates were determined by using lead resistometric probes. Activated alumina and activated carbon were found to be the most effective adsorbents of acetic acid vapours. On the other hand, the available zeolite had the worst sorption ability compared with the other tested substances.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of lead in an environment containing acetic acid vapour by using adsorbents and their characterization

et al. 2019

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“…These ER probes were also used by Vaissiere for the mapping of the corrosion aggressiveness of the panels of new model of car [107] and a corrosion mechanism study of iron and zinc under real atmospheric conditions and ISO 16539 ACT by Omoda et al [108]. Msallamova et al used Pb sensors to examine the possible aggressiveness of disinfectants used during historical document restauration against lead seals connected to the docu-ments [109].…”

Section: Electrical Resistance Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Monitoring in Atmospheric Conditions: A Review

Popova

Prošek

2022

Metals

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A variety of techniques are available for monitoring metal corrosion in electrolytes. However, only some of them can be applied in the atmosphere, in which case a thin discontinuous electrolyte film forms on a surface. In this review, we describe, evaluate and compare both traditional and state-of-the-art real-time corrosion monitoring techniques to identify those suitable for atmospheric conditions. For atmospheric corrosion monitoring (ACM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN), electrical resistance (ER) probes, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), radio-frequency identification sensors (RFID), fibre optic corrosion sensors (FOCS) and respirometry, the underlying principles, characteristics and application examples are described, and their advantages and drawbacks outlined. Finally, the techniques are compared in terms of their sensitivity, ease of setup, data processing, ability to identify underlying corrosion mechanisms and applicability in different fields of atmospheric corrosion protection and research.

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“…The process is described in Figure 13, which also contains the record of a resistometric copper probe. Resistometric probes have been described in detail elsewhere [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The metallic trace corroded approximately 1 µm in the first cycle, but all consequential cycles dissolved only 0.3 µm of metallic trace.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Patination Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Patination of Copper and Copper Alloys in Wet Atmosphere with Increased Content of SO2

et al. 2019

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Natural copper patina is usually formed over several decades. This work investigates the possibility of obtaining a stable artificial patina based on brochantite in a more reasonable time. The patination process was based on patina formation from a humid atmosphere containing sulphur dioxide. The studied parameters were humidity (condensation and condensation/drying), sulphur dioxide concentration (4.4–44.3 g·m−3) and surface pre-treatments (grinding, pre-oxidation and pre-patination) prior to the patination process. Samples were evaluated by mass change, digital image analysis, spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A resistometric method was employed in order to observe the patina formation continuously during the exposure. Conditions inside the chamber were monitored during the exposure (pH of water and concentration of SO2 in gaseous phase). According to XRD, it was possible to deliberately grow a brochantite patina of reasonable thickness (approx. 30 µm), even within a couple of days of exposure. The drying phase of the condensation cycle increased the homogeneity of the deposited patina. Formation kinetics were the fastest under a condensation/drying cycle, starting with 17.7 g·m−3 sulphur dioxide and decreasing dosing in the cycle, with an electrolyte pH close to 3. The higher sulphur dioxide content above 17.7 g·m−3 forms too aggressive a surface electrolyte, which led to the dissolution of the brochantite. The pre-oxidation of copper surface resulted in a significant improvement of patina homogeneity on the surface.

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Historical lead seals and the influence of disinfectants on the lead corrosion rate

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Protection of lead in an environment containing acetic acid vapour by using adsorbents and their characterization

Protection of lead in an environment containing acetic acid vapour by using adsorbents and their characterization

Corrosion Monitoring in Atmospheric Conditions: A Review

Artificial Patination of Copper and Copper Alloys in Wet Atmosphere with Increased Content of SO2

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