Historical landslide events in Malaysia 1993-2019

Abstract

Background: To review historical landslide events in Malaysia. The increasing number of landslide in Malaysia is closely linked to the development of new infrastructures of the economic and social progress. Methods: The research was a review study utilizing secondary data as the primary source from National Slope Master Plan 2009-2023 and some additional study by the researchers. This study thoroughly examined landslide in Malaysia and found many landslide occurred in the area of Selangor due to increased development. There are several historical landslide events in Malaysia that have been extensively reviewed from the year 1993 to the year 2019. Findings: This disaster has resulted in substantial numbers of casualties, destruction of properties losses and direct and indirect economic implications. The summary of this study found that the number of landslides and injuries were reported to increase between 1993 and 2019. Some major landslide also occurred along the main highway without fatalities but serious traffic congestion occurred. Novelty of the study: This paper focus on clarify the historical events that had an impact on the physical and socioeconomic conditions in Malaysia. In summary, this study has highlighted the summary of major landslide events in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, and generally, this tragedy occurred causes of slope instability and human error. Recommendations: It is suggested to further restrict any development on a high land area to limit environmental impact. In addition, awareness and knowledge about on the dangers of landslides should be communicated to the public during the planning and management process. Susceptibility analyses may also provide important input during overall design, analisis and planning of development in hilly terrain.

Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Malaysia: A Review of Past, Current and Future Trends

“…In Malaysia, climate change has become a significant factor that triggers landslide incidents, especially in mountainous areas (Siti et al, 2022). Abd Majid et al, (2020) also supports this statement in their study. According to Abd Majid et al, (2020), landslides are common in this country, especially during the monsoon season, when rainfall may reach 700 mm per month.…”

“…Abd Majid et al, (2020) also supports this statement in their study. According to Abd Majid et al, (2020), landslides are common in this country, especially during the monsoon season, when rainfall may reach 700 mm per month. Heavy rainfall is a common source of landslides in Malaysia, notably during the summer monsoon, which occurs from the end of May to the end of September and from November to March.…”

Local variations of landslide factors in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

“…From January to December 2020 landslides in Nepal claimed up to 300 lives (Figure 1). As one of the developing countries in the SEA, the majority of landslides in Malaysia were triggered by heavy rainfall combined with human interactions [4][5][6][7]. Construction activities, particularly in urban areas, such as Pulau Pinang have indirectly started causing adverse effects on the environment.…”

Landslide Susceptibility Model Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Approach in Langat River Basin, Selangor, Malaysia

“…Landslides are commonly caused by deforestation in the highlands for development objectives such as roads and housing. In Malaysia, landslides are linked to the construction of new developments such as roads, highways, dams, and housing complexes in steep places [48][49][50][51][52]. Heavy rain, particularly during the monsoon season, induced by the southwest monsoon from May to September and the northeast monsoon from November to March, can cause landslides in Malaysia [53].…”