Historical land use change has lowered terrestrial silica mobilization

Struyf, Eric; Smis, Adriaan; Damme, S. Van; Garnier, Josette; Govers, Gérard; Wesemael, Bas van; Conley, Daniel J.; Batelaan, Okke; Frot, Elisabeth; Clymans, Wim; Vandevenne, Floor; Lancelot, Christiane; Goos, Peter; Meire, Patrick

doi:10.1038/ncomms1128

Cited by 202 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Deforestation and expanding agricultural land use have caused increasing soil erosion and sediment, C and nutrient transport through river systems . Land use changes also likely have strongly affected the delivery of Si to rivers (Struyf et al, 2010). Climate change is expected to affect both the hydrology and biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient dynamics, transfer and retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean: towards integration of ecological and biogeochemical models

et al. 2013

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Abstract. In river basins, soils, groundwater, riparian zones and floodplains, streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs act as successive filters in which the hydrology, ecology and biogeochemical processing are strongly coupled and together act to retain a significant fraction of the nutrients transported. This paper compares existing river ecology concepts with current approaches to describe river biogeochemistry, and assesses the value of these concepts and approaches for understanding the impacts of interacting global change disturbances on river biogeochemistry. Through merging perspectives, concepts, and modeling techniques, we propose integrated model approaches that encompass both aquatic and terrestrial components in heterogeneous landscapes. In this model framework, existing ecological and biogeochemical concepts are extended with a balanced approach for assessing nutrient and sediment delivery, on the one hand, and nutrient in-stream retention on the other hand.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient dynamics, transfer and retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean: towards integration of ecological and biogeochemical models

et al. 2013

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“…Recent papers have also demonstrated that land use changes can have significant effects on Si mobilization from the continents (Conley, 1997;Struyf et al, 2010b). Struyf et al (2010b) showed that in temperate European watersheds sustained human cultivation led to a two-to threefold decrease in base flow delivery of Si to rivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Struyf et al (2010b) showed that in temperate European watersheds sustained human cultivation led to a two-to threefold decrease in base flow delivery of Si to rivers. A conceptual model was proposed relating changes in Si fluxes to longterm soil disturbance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic impact on amorphous silica pools in temperate soils

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Human land use changes perturb biogeochemical silica (Si) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. This directly affects Si mobilisation and Si storage and influences Si export from the continents, although the magnitude of the impact is unknown. A major reason for our lack of understanding is that very little information exists on how land use affects amorphous silica (ASi) storage in soils. We have quantified and compared total alkali-extracted (PSi a ) and easily soluble (PSi e ) Si pools at four sites along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance in southern Sweden. Land use clearly affects ASi pools and their distribution. Total PSi a and PSi e for a continuous forested site at Siggaboda Nature Reserve (66 900 ± 22 800 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 952 ± 16 kg SiO 2 ha −1 ) are significantly higher than disturbed land use types from the Råshult Culture Reserve including arable land (28 800 ± 7200 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 239 ± 91 kg SiO 2 ha −1 ), pasture sites (27 300 ± 5980 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 370 ± 129 kg SiO 2 ha −1 ) and grazed forest (23 600 ± 6370 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 346 ± 123 kg SiO 2 ha −1 ). Vertical PSi a and PSi e profiles show significant (p < 0.05) variation among the sites. These differences in size and distribution are interpreted as the long-term effect of reduced ASi replenishment, as well as changes in ecosystem specific pedogenic processes and increased mobilisation of the PSi a in disturbed soils. We have also made a first, though rough, estimate of the magnitude of change in temperate continental ASi pools due to human disturbance. Assuming that our data are representative, we estimate that total ASi storage in soils has declined by ca. 10 % since the onset of agricultural development (3000 BCE). Recent agricultural expansion (after 1700 CE) may have resulted in an average additional export of 1.1 ± 0.8 Tmol Si yr −1 from the soil reservoir to aquatic ecosystems. This is ca. 20 % to the global land-ocean SiCorrespondence to: W. Clymans (wim.clymans@ees.kuleuven.be) flux carried by rivers. It is necessary to update this estimate in future studies, incorporating differences in pedology, geology and climatology over temperate regions, but data are currently not sufficient. Yet, our results emphasize the importance of human activities for Si cycling in soils and for the land-ocean Si flux.

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“…Furthermore, evidence arises that BSi pools are in disequilibrium at decadal timescales due to disturbances and perturbations by humans, e.g., by changes in forest management or farming practices (Barão et al, 2014;Keller et al, 2012;Vandevenne et al, 2015). As a consequence, BSi accumulation and BSi dissolution are not balanced, which influences Si cycling in terrestrial biogeosystems, not only on decadal but also on millennial scales (Clymans et al, 2011;Frings et al, 2014;Sommer et al, 2013;Struyf et al, 2010). Sommer et al (2013), for example, found the successive dissolving of a relict phytogenic Si pool to be the main source of dissolved Si in soils of a forested biogeosystem.…”

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confidence: 99%

How big is the influence of biogenic silicon pools on short-term changes in water-soluble silicon in soils? Implications from a study of a 10-year-old soil–plant system

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The significance of biogenic silicon (BSi) pools as a key factor for the control of Si fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems has been recognized for decades. However, while most research has been focused on phytogenic Si pools, knowledge of other BSi pools is still limited. We hypothesized that different BSi pools influence short-term changes in the water-soluble Si fraction in soils to different extents. To test our hypothesis we took plant (Calamagrostis epigejos, Phragmites australis) and soil samples in an artificial catchment in a post-mining landscape in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. We quantified phytogenic (phytoliths), protistic (diatom frustules and testate amoeba shells) and zoogenic (sponge spicules) Si pools as well as Tironextractable and water-soluble Si fractions in soils at the beginning (t 0 ) and after 10 years (t 10 ) of ecosystem development. As expected the results of Tiron extraction showed that there are no consistent changes in the amorphous Si pool at Chicken Creek (Hühnerwasser) as early as after 10 years. In contrast to t 0 we found increased water-soluble Si and BSi pools at t 10 ; thus we concluded that BSi pools are the main driver of short-term changes in water-soluble Si. However, because total BSi represents only small proportions of water-soluble Si at t 0 (< 2 %) and t 10 (2.8-4.3 %) we further concluded that smaller (< 5 µm) and/or fragile phytogenic Si structures have the biggest impact on short-term changes in water-soluble Si. In this context, extracted phytoliths (> 5 µm) only amounted to about 16 % of total Si contents of plant materials of C. epigejos and P. australis at t 10 ; thus about 84 % of small-scale and/or fragile phytogenic Si is not quantified by the used phytolith extraction method. Analyses of small-scale and fragile phytogenic Si structures are urgently needed in future work as they seem to represent the biggest and most reactive Si pool in soils. Thus they are the most important drivers of Si cycling in terrestrial biogeosystems.

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Historical land use change has lowered terrestrial silica mobilization

Cited by 202 publications

References 38 publications

Nutrient dynamics, transfer and retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean: towards integration of ecological and biogeochemical models

Nutrient dynamics, transfer and retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean: towards integration of ecological and biogeochemical models

Anthropogenic impact on amorphous silica pools in temperate soils

How big is the influence of biogenic silicon pools on short-term changes in water-soluble silicon in soils? Implications from a study of a 10-year-old soil–plant system

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