Historical Evolution of Gift Diplomacy from Ancient to Modern Times

Abstract

Giving gifts is indispensable in diplomatic etiquette. The exchange of gifts can enhance friendship between the two countries or convey deep-seated intentions. With the development of society, diplomatic gifts are no longer antiques but more symbolic goods. Diplomatic gifts are defined from sociology, and the historical evolution of gift diplomacy is explored from the tributary system, the transformation of participants, and gift ontology. Through analysis, it is found that ancient gift diplomacy focuses on reflecting national strength and has hierarchical differences. The gift is given in the name of Nagong by the conquered. With the development of society and the weakening of hierarchy, modern diplomacy pursues equality. The country maintains friendly relations between countries through gift exchange. Diplomatic gifts usually have symbolic meaning, artistic value, and emotional value, and gift selection is increasingly flexible. Animals also become the common diplomatic gifts, such as China’s pandas, Japan’s dogs, and Russia’s cats.