Historical dry deposition of air pollution in the urban background in Oslo, Norway, compared to Western European data

Grøntoft, Terje

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118777

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Past exposure conditions for sites and objects can be difficult to determine, and although some have tried, e.g., assessment of historical weathering [37], examining the deposits on buildings [38][39][40], archive photographs [41,42] and economic records of repair [43], it can be difficult. Thus, there has been considerable interest in trying to model conditions in the past and relate them to observed damage [34,44,45].…”

Section: Scale: Time and Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning and Effectiveness in Heritage Models

Richards

Brimblecombe

2023

Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modelling can explore heritage responses to environmental pressures over wide spatial and temporal scales, testing both theory and process. However, compared to other fields, modelling approaches are not yet as common in heritage management. Some heritage models have become well known, though they struggle to have an impact beyond academia, with limited practical applications. Successful models appear to be adaptable to multiple sites or objects, intuitive to use, run using widely available software and produce output translatable into practical actions. Model tuning is also vital for the model to be effective. A specific purpose should be determined from the outset to enable tuning in the earliest design stages. Heritage models can be developed to explore theories or processes that affect or interact with heritage. Input should also be tuned to relevant temporal and spatial scales and consider duration and location. Additionally, it is important to account for materials and elements specific to heritage. Models need to be useful and usable if they are to be effective. User-friendly programs and interfaces help practical use. However, success can create problems, as input and output could become socially or commercially sensitive. The wider use of models may require broader discussion among heritage professionals and the provision of training.

show abstract

Section: Scale: Time and Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning and Effectiveness in Heritage Models

Richards

Brimblecombe

2023

Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While the effectiveness of these protocols cannot be confirmed with significant certainty, SO 2 was especially decreasing in signatory countries (Aakvik and Tjøtta 2011;Barrett et al 1995). There is also evidence that SO 2 decreased on a city level in temperate climates during at least the last decades (Brimblecombe and Lefèvre 2021;Grøntoft 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localising and quantifying night-time cooling effects from sub-catchments in a mid-European low mountain area

Döscher

Ketzler

Leuchner

2023

Theor Appl Climatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose a novel method to analyse and quantify cooling effects provided to a settlement by source areas of nocturnal cold-air drainage. In an interdisciplinary approach, these source areas were defined as hydrological sub-catchments of a complex catchment area in a low mountain range. The cold-air drainage model KLAM_21 was used to exclude the energetic influence of the sub-catchments from the model area by surrounding them with artificial barriers. The outputs of these runs were then compared to a reference run without exclusion to derive the cooling effect of each source area. The results were evaluated at sample points along the main valley and for residential areas of a medium sized city and two smaller settlements. We find that in the complex terrain of the study area, also comparatively remote source areas can have a noticeable cooling effect on the residential neighbourhoods of the target settlements from the middle of the night. The strongest effect however, could be attributed to the sub-catchments in direct vicinity of the target areas. The results at the sample points along the main valley showed that the cooling effect decreased with increasing distance to the sub-catchments and usually gets stronger during the night. The variation in strength of cooling effect between different sub-catchments is likely due to their individual properties such as remoteness, size, terrain, land-cover situation and cold-air exchange with other sub-catchments through overflow effects.

show abstract

“…Historically, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) was a major acidic deterioration agent. SO 2 concentrations are nowadays very low in Oslo 12,13 , and are expected to be c. 0 µg m -3 in the Aula. The major pollutants of concern from outdoors are oxidising ozone (O 3 ), and the oxidising and acidic nitrogen oxides (NO x ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A hypothesis on the initial film formation by deposition from the indoor air on clean filter samples and its relevance for unvarnished oil paintings on canvas

Grøntoft,

Cutajar

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, increased research efforts and environmental improvements have been directed towards the preventive conservation of the monumental, unvarnished oil paintings on canvas (1909–1916) by Edvard Munch (1863–1944) housed in the University of Oslo Aula. Surface soiling of the paintings has been a documented issue since their display, and the modern-day effect of air-borne particulates and gases on the painting surfaces remains hitherto undocumented. For the first time in the Aula, this study has measured the in situ accumulating mass deposition of air pollution onto vertical surfaces over the period of one year (2021–2022). Concomitant measurements of the concentrations of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were also taken, to complement periodic data from 2020. The mass deposition was measured through incremental weight changes of Teflon membrane filters and quartz filters (for elemental/organic carbon, EC/OC), whilst the gaseous pollutants were measured using passive gas samplers. Indoor-to-outdoor ratios (I/O) for O3 were noted to be higher than those suggested by earlier data (whereas NO2 I/O ratios were found to be lower), indicating a stronger oxidising atmosphere in the Aula. Just over half of the deposited mass on the quartz filters was found to be OC, with no EC detected. Surprisingly, an overall decrease in mass deposition from three to twelve months was measured on the Teflon membrane filters. It was hypothesised, based on models reported in the literature, that the source of the OC on the filters was mainly gaseous, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), which were present in an adsorption/desorption equilibrium that was dependent on possible SVOC emission episodes, relative humidity levels, gaseous oxidative reactions and particulate matter deposition. A simple mathematical model is proposed to rationalise the observed mass depositions on the filters, together with a discussion of uncertainties affecting the measurements. The hypothesis preliminarily indicates the possible and previously unconsidered role of SVOCs on the initial film formation of soiling layers on the Aula paintings, and could bear implications for their monitoring in the preventive care of unvarnished oil paintings on canvas.

show abstract

Historical dry deposition of air pollution in the urban background in Oslo, Norway, compared to Western European data

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Tuning and Effectiveness in Heritage Models

Tuning and Effectiveness in Heritage Models

Localising and quantifying night-time cooling effects from sub-catchments in a mid-European low mountain area

A hypothesis on the initial film formation by deposition from the indoor air on clean filter samples and its relevance for unvarnished oil paintings on canvas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About