Historical Distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs, and Coplanar PCBs in Sediment Core of Ariake Bay, Japan

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants, particularly polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs) and toxic equivalent quantity (pg TEQ g(-1)) were determined in sediment samples collected from Ariake Bay, Japan. The total concentration of PCDDs/DFs in surface sediment of the Yabe River (17,000 pg g(-1) dry wt) was approximately 2.5-fold higher than that of the Chikugo River (7,000 pg g(-1) dry wt) which has the highest flow amount of about 40% inputting to the northern Bay. The congener profile suggested that dioxin sources could be close to the study area. The PCDDs concentration (12,000 pg g(-1) dry wt) in the sediment layer, which was corresponding to the 1960s, was reflected on the pentachlorophenol (PCP) contamination occurring at that time in Ariake Bay. The reflecting of PCP in the sediment core was significantly considered by hierarchical cluster analysis. Based on isomer-specific analysis, the tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin composition showed a gradual increase from 1978-1982 toward the surface, indicating that the pollution source at that period might be more influenced by chloronitrofen than PCP. This fact was supported, based on the ratio of Sigma PCDD to Sigma PCDF concentration. The PCDDs/DFs-derived TEQ contributed more than 90% of the SigmaTEQ (PCDDs/DFs and co-PCBs) in all the detected sediment layers. The contribution of PCBs to the total TEQ was low; however, an increasing historical trend of concentration was clearly observed.

Assays of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in actually contaminated soils using transgenic tobacco plants carrying a recombinant mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated β-glucuronidase reporter gene expression system

“…[6] Congeners of PCDDs, PCDFs, and Co-PCBs were each quantified by HRGC/HRMS (HP6890/Micromass Autospec-Ultima, Micromass Ltd., Manchester, UK) under the same conditions as previously reported. [7] …”

The characterization of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs during the past 50 years in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea

“…For the quantification of target and surrogate standards, the two most abundant ions in the chlorine cluster of the molecular ion were monitored and the HRMS was operated using the same conditions as previously described by Guruge et al [13]. The method of identification and quantification for the dioxin compounds in sediment samples was previously described elsewhere [12]. The limits of detection (LOD) in all samples ranged from 0.1 pg g −1 to 1.0 pg g −1 dry weight which was calculated to 3-fold value of the blank value for each dioxin compound.…”

“…All the sediment samples were extracted, fractionated and analyzed following the methods recommended by Kim et al [12] with modification. Briefly, approximately 10 g of sediment samples were homogenized after air-drying at room temperature and extracted with 300 ml of toluene for 16 h by Soxhlet.…”

Chemical Introductions to Estuarine and Coastal Systems

“…Specific studies for PCBs and other chlorinated compounds have documented their presence in sediments around the world (Pereira et al, 1996;Simcik et al, 1997;Sprovieri et al, 2007;Castells et al, 2008;Du et al, 2008;Gewurtz et al, 2008;Teng et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2009), as well as in fishes sold in many markets (Ohta et al, 2008). The highly toxic dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)) and furans (polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)) have also been detected in sediments (Kim et al, 2008;Pickard and Clarke, 2008;Moon et al, 2009) and in food . The flame-retarding PBDEs have been tracked in influents, particulate, sediments, sewage, and biota (De Boer et al, 2003;Oros et al, 2005;Roosens et al, 2008).…”