Historical development of concept of blood circulation

Key, Jack D.; Keys, Thomas E.; Callahan, John A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(79)90370-9

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This was how William Harvey first conceptualized the circulation of blood in 1628: ªBlood circulates within the body by a kind of circulatory movement. It is the motion and pulsation of the heart which is the sole cause of blood circulationº [25]. Accordingly then, determinants of maximal circulatory flow to exercising muscle must reside within factors which delimit the pumping function of the heart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Circulatory Response to Exercise: Role of the Peripheral Pump

Rowland¹

2001

Int J Sports Med

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The circulation of blood during upright exercise involves a two-pump system, a central cardiac pump and a peripheral pump responsible for systemic venous return. Axiomatically, the function of the two pumps must be equal, and certain evidence suggests that the peripheral pump may "drive" the circulation during exercise. Despite its potential importance to circulatory reserve and aerobic fitness, little is known regarding the determinants of the peripheral pump. Pumping function of skeletal muscle and the suction effect of the left ventricle presumably are principal factors in defining systemic venous return. This review, which focuses on data in humans, examines current information regarding the peripheral pump and its potential role as a critical determinant of maximal cardiac output, maximal oxygen uptake, and endurance fitness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Circulatory Response to Exercise: Role of the Peripheral Pump

Rowland¹

2001

Int J Sports Med

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“…He divided the liver into 5 lobes, generated blood, and distributed it to all the body via the vena chili (the inferior vena cava). He also believed that the portal vein distributed purified blood to the stomach, spleen, greater omentum, and jejunum; concurrently, the blood coming from the stomach reached the liver to be purified (Rengachary, Colen, Dass, & Guthikonda, 2009;Galen & DeLacy, 1978;Galen, 1968;Galen, Furley, & Wilkie, 1984;Galen & Singer, 1956;Key, Keys, & Callahan, 1979).…”

Section: The History Of Learning the Liver In Western Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Cultural Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on History of Learning the Liver When Comparing with Western Medicine

Chen,

Long,

Zhong

2024

RHS

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as an esoteric and mystical entity, an entity of philosophy, or even an unscientific entity when compared with western medicine. Since TCM has a 5,000 plus year history and is coexisting with modern medicine in China, it is difficult to simply conclude what the cultural characteristics of TCM are. This work analyzed the histories of TCM and western medicine on learning the liver, then revealed the cultural characteristics and the possible development of TCM. The comparison of mythological origin, anatomic history, as well as the framework of medical theory suggest that TCM is far away from a clear-cut subject and awaits more exploration both in theory and in practice: It is a comprehensive system integrating knowledges from multiple fields from ancient China; it emphasizes theory development, with the terms and function of organ are far beyond the organ of itself; and, its basic theoretical framework evolved and has become sort of like universal rule that would not be subsequently falsified. According to the cultural characteristics of TCM, there are four possible future directions for the development of TCM and it will continue to coexist with modern medicine in China for another foreseeable long time.

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“…The Church did not advocate acquiring new knowledge, though importantly was committed to preservation and re-examination of previous work if only to reconcile science with theology. [13][14][15] This no doubt played a part in propagating Galen's theories, since his findings were considered to be aligned with Christian doctrine. His work therefore gained a significant theological standing and new findings or anomalies were forced to fit his theories.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Research: Past, Present and Future

Fiedler¹

2015

Heart Res Open J

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Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death and significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. While interventional and preventative medicine has considerably changed the face of clinical practice, at the molecular level, treatment has not altered in recent decades and is still directed towards alleviating symptoms or mitigating the underlying cause rather than regenerating damaged heart muscle. This is surprising, given the explosion of research in this area in the 1970's, and the fact that research output has continued to increase exponentially. With the incidence of heart failure on the rise, a trend predicted to continue, it is imperative that treatment strategies are improved. The development and adoption of molecular interventions might therefore present the most fruitful avenue in providing the greatest impact on mortality rates. This commentary aims to reflect on the earliest documented studies of human cardiovascular physiology, to surgical interventions in the 12 th , to the first molecular studies in the 20 th , to current pharmacological treatments. With this knowledge in mind, the future of molecular approaches in treating heart failure and cardiovascular conditions will be considered.

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Historical development of concept of blood circulation

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

The Circulatory Response to Exercise: Role of the Peripheral Pump

The Circulatory Response to Exercise: Role of the Peripheral Pump

The Cultural Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on History of Learning the Liver When Comparing with Western Medicine

Cardiovascular Research: Past, Present and Future

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