Historical Database of Geomagnetic and Auroral Activity for the Study of Solar–Terrestrial Relationships

Птицына, Н. Г.; Соколов, С. Н.; Soldatov, V. A.; Tyasto, M. I.

doi:10.1134/s0001433818070095

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One obvious approach would be digitization of the magnetometer measurements outlined in section , where the photographic records of those measurements still exist in good condition. A first step would be digitization of the images of those records, for example, as has been done in the United Kingdom (see https://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/Magnetograms/home.html), and more recently in Russia (Ptitsyna et al, ). But the more difficult step is to gather the expertise and resources to extract numerical data from those records.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Great Storm of May 1921: An Exemplar of a Dangerous Space Weather Event

Hapgood

2019

Space Weather

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We reconstruct the timeline of the extreme space weather event of May 1921, reviewing a wealth of reports from scientific literature, databases, newspaper reports, and reports by historians and astronomers. A series of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) bombarded Earth between 13 and 16 May, as shown by a series of sudden commencements observed across the global network of magnetometers. These CMEs produced three major periods of geomagnetic activity. The first period followed the arrival of two CMEs on 13 May. These may have cleared much density from the inner heliosphere, enabling a subsequent CME to travel quickly to Earth and cause intense activity. Continuing moderate magnetic activity following the first period may also have preconditioned the magnetosphere so it responded strongly to that later CME. This arrived late on 14 May, driving a short period of very intense activity early on 15 May, including technological impacts indicative of strong geoelectric fields. Another CME arrived early on 16 May, driving intense activity similar to that on 13 May. We show how these impacts fit with scientific observations to give a timeline that can be used in worst‐case studies/benchmarks. We also show that some impacts were probably coincidental with the storm, but due to more prosaic faults. This sequence of preconditioning, intense geoelectric fields, and their impacts, plus coincidental faults, makes the 1921 event an excellent basis for building space weather scenarios. Such scenarios are vital scientific input to the development and implementation of policies for mitigation of severe space weather.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Great Storm of May 1921: An Exemplar of a Dangerous Space Weather Event

Hapgood

2019

Space Weather

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“…Historical geomagnetic records have received growing attention in connection with the space climate studies (Lockwood et al, 2017(Lockwood et al, , 2018 and can also provide a basis for the study of past changes in solar quiet magnetic variations (Cnossen and Matzka, 2016). Combining historical geomagnetic data with auroral records can be beneficial for reconstructing the past solar-terrestrial relations (Ptitsyna et al, 2018). In particular, compiled historical declination data can serve to detect geomagnetic jerks (Korte et al, 2009;Dobrica et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geomagnetic data of the Clementinum observatory in Prague since 1839

2021

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Abstract. The historical magnetic observatory Clementinum operated in Prague from 1839 to 1926. The data from the yearbooks that recorded the observations at Clementinum have recently been digitized and were subsequently converted, in this work, into the physical units of the International System of Units (SI). Introducing a database of geomagnetic data from this historical source is a part of our paper. Some controversial data are also analysed here. In the original historical sources, we identified an error in using the physical units. It was probably introduced by the observers determining the temperature coefficient of the bifilar apparatus. By recalculating the values in the records, some missing values are added; for instance, the temperature coefficients for the bifilar magnetometer, the baselines, and the annual averages for the horizontal intensity in the first years of observations were redetermined. The values of absolute measurements of the declination in 1852, which could not be found in the original sources, were also estimated. The main contribution of this article rests in critically reviewed information about the magnetic observations in Prague, which is, so far, more complete than any other. The work also contributes to the space weather topic by revealing a record of the now almost forgotten magnetic disturbance of 3 September 1839.

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