Historical context of land tenure systems in Africa and Rwanda.

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the historical context of land tenure systems in Africa. This is important given that the book is aimed at providing insights from Rwanda for other countries willing to initiate land reforms similar to Rwanda. It also draws attention to the developments and changes of land tenure systems in Rwanda before, during and after independence. Further, the chapter looks at the concept of land tenure security, given its relevance to the book.

Urbanisation and energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…The effect on wellbeing has been largely positive. There is overwhelming positive feedback on the benefits of living in Imidugudu centres, with many residents claiming to have experienced an increase in wellbeing and are hopeful of better life prospects in the future (Ngoga, 2015;Ezeanya-Esiobu, 2017). One recurring criticism is that residents of these resettlement centres are too dependent on the government for the provision of general services and infrastructure, that residents should take responsibility for providing some of the public services and that there needs to be local buy-in at all levels and from all stakeholders (Goodfellow, 2014).…”

“…Demand for agricultural exports has led to intensive land use. This led to land being constantly divided, which means smaller and smaller land holdings (Ngoga, 2015). Despite the large number of people working in the agricultural sector, efficiency is still low.…”