Historical CO2 Records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS Ice Cores

Etheridge, D. M.; Barnola, J. M.; Morgan, Vin; Steele, L. P.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Francey, R. J.; Martínez, Mònica

doi:10.3334/cdiac/atg.011

Cited by 123 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…the transfer of carbon from vegetation to soil; figure 1). The balance of photosynthesis and respiration, P − R p , gives the net Atmospheric CO 2 concentration from 1800 to 2010 generated by the simple carbon cycleclimate model (solid black line) [8] and compared to atmospheric CO 2 concentration data from Siple ice core (grey squares) [26], Law Dome ice core data with a 20-year cut-off spline smoothing (grey circles) and a 75-year cut-off spline smoothing (grey triangles) [27], and direct atmospheric measurements of globally averaged marine surface atmospheric CO 2 (grey crosses) [28,29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between reducing CO ₂ emissions, CO ₂ removal and solar radiation management

Vaughan

Lenton

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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We use a simple carbon cycle-climate model to investigate the interactions between a selection of idealized scenarios of mitigated carbon dioxide emissions, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM). Two CO 2 emissions trajectories differ by a 15-year delay in the start of mitigation activity. SRM is modelled as a reduction in incoming solar radiation that fully compensates the radiative forcing due to changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Two CDR scenarios remove 300 PgC by afforestation (added to vegetation and soil) or 1000 PgC by bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (removed from system). Our results show that delaying the start of mitigation activity could be very costly in terms of the CDR activity needed later to limit atmospheric CO 2 concentration (and corresponding global warming) to a given level. Avoiding a 15-year delay in the start of mitigation activity is more effective at reducing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations than all but the maximum type of CDR interventions. The effects of applying SRM and CDR together are additive, and this shows most clearly for atmospheric CO 2 concentration. SRM causes a significant reduction in atmospheric CO 2 concentration due to increased carbon storage by the terrestrial biosphere, especially soils. However, SRM has to be maintained for many centuries to avoid rapid increases in temperature and corresponding increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration due to loss of carbon from the land.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between reducing CO ₂ emissions, CO ₂ removal and solar radiation management

Vaughan

Lenton

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…For example, atmospheric CO 2 concentration was 277 ppm (by volume) in 1750, 279 ppm in 1775, 283 ppm in 1800 and 284 ppm in 1825 [58], all of which lie within the range of Holocene variability of 260-285 ppm [59]. Only by 1850 did the CO 2 concentration (285 ppm) reach the upper limit of natural Holocene variability and by 1900 it had climbed to 296 ppm [58], just high enough to show a discernible human influence beyond natural variability. Since the mid-twentieth century, the rising concentration and isotopic composition of CO 2 in the atmosphere have been measured directly with great accuracy [60], and has shown an unmistakable human imprint.…”

Section: The Beginning Of the Anthropocenementioning

confidence: 99%

The Anthropocene: conceptual and historical perspectives

Steffen

Grinevald

Crutzen

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

1,627

840

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The human imprint on the global environment has now become so large and active that it rivals some of the great forces of Nature in its impact on the functioning of the Earth system. Although global-scale human influence on the environment has been recognized since the 1800s, the term Anthropocene , introduced about a decade ago, has only recently become widely, but informally, used in the global change research community. However, the term has yet to be accepted formally as a new geological epoch or era in Earth history. In this paper, we put forward the case for formally recognizing the Anthropocene as a new epoch in Earth history, arguing that the advent of the Industrial Revolution around 1800 provides a logical start date for the new epoch. We then explore recent trends in the evolution of the Anthropocene as humanity proceeds into the twenty-first century, focusing on the profound changes to our relationship with the rest of the living world and on early attempts and proposals for managing our relationship with the large geophysical cycles that drive the Earth’s climate system.

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“…Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), a process consisting of the capture of the CO 2 at large point sources and long-term isolation from the atmosphere, is considered as a promising option in the portfolio of mitigation actions for stabilization of atmospheric CO 2 concentration. .1: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration during the past 1000 years, based on the Antarctic ice cores Law Dome DE08, DE08-2 and DSS (data from (Etheridge et al, 1998(Etheridge et al, , 1996). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive transport modeling of CO2 through cementitious materials under CO2 geological storage conditions

Shen

2013

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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RésuméUn modèle de transport réactif est proposé pour simuler la réactivité des matériaux à base de ciment en contact avec une saumure saturée en CO 2 et/ou le CO 2 supercritique (CO 2 sc) dans les conditions de stockage géologique du CO 2 . Un code a été développé pour résoudre simultanément le transport et la chimie par une approche globale couplée, compte tenu de l'effet de la température et de la pression.La variabilité des propriétés du CO 2 sc avec la pression et la température, telles que la solubilité dans l'eau, la densité et la viscosité sont pris en compte. On suppose que tous les processus chimiques sont en équilibre thermodynamique. Les réactions de dissolution et de précipitation de la portlandite (CH) et Ce modèle est en mesure de simuler les processus de carbonatation des matériaux à base de ciment, dans des conditions à la fois saturés et insaturés, dans une large plage de concentration de CO 2 , de température et de pression. Plusieurs expériences, rapportées dans la littérature, sont simulées en utilisant divers types de conditions aux limites: (i) solutions saturées ou non en CO 2 et carbonate de calcium, (ii) gas supercritique de CO 2 . Les prédictions sont comparées avec les observations expérimentales. Certains II phénomènes observés expérimentalement peuvent être également expliqués par le modèle. Mots-clés:Carbonatation, CO 2 supercritique, Transports, Ciment, C-S-H, Décalcification, Pression, Température, Stockage du CO 2 . AbstractA reactive transport model is proposed to simulate the reactivity of cement based material in contact with CO 2 -saturated brine and supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) under CO 2 geological storage conditions. This code is developed to solve simultaneously transport and chemistry by a global coupled approach, considering the effect of temperature and pressure.The variability of scCO 2 properties with pressure and temperature, such as solubility in water, density and viscosity are taken into account. It is assumed that all chemical processes are in thermodynamical equilibrium. Dissolution and precipitation reactions for portlandite (CH) and calcite (CC) are described by mass action laws and threshold of ion activity products in order to account for complete dissolved minerals. A chemical kinetics for the dissolution and precipitation of CH and CC is introduced to facilitate numerical convergence. One properly chosen variable is able to capture the precipitation and dissolution of the relevant phase. A generalization of the mass action law is developed and applied to calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) to take into account the continuous variation (decrease) of the Ca/Si ratio during the dissolution reaction of C-S-H. The changes in porosity and microstructure induced by the precipitation and dissolution reactions are also taken into account.Couplings between transport equations and chemical reactions are treated thanks to five mass balance equations written for each atom (Ca, Si, C, K, Cl) as well as one equation for charge balance and one for the total mass. Ion tran...

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Historical CO2 Records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS Ice Cores

Cited by 123 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions between reducing CO ₂ emissions, CO ₂ removal and solar radiation management

Interactions between reducing CO ₂ emissions, CO ₂ removal and solar radiation management

The Anthropocene: conceptual and historical perspectives

Reactive transport modeling of CO2 through cementitious materials under CO2 geological storage conditions

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Historical CO2 Records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS Ice Cores

Cited by 123 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions between reducing CO 2 emissions, CO 2 removal and solar radiation management

Interactions between reducing CO 2 emissions, CO 2 removal and solar radiation management

The Anthropocene: conceptual and historical perspectives

Reactive transport modeling of CO2 through cementitious materials under CO2 geological storage conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Interactions between reducing CO ₂ emissions, CO ₂ removal and solar radiation management

Interactions between reducing CO ₂ emissions, CO ₂ removal and solar radiation management