Historical Changes in Weight Classes and the Influence of NAFLD Prevalence: A Population Analysis of 34,486 Individuals

Nah, Benjamin; Ng, Cheng Han; Chan, Kai En; Tan, Char Loo; Aggarwal, Manik; Zeng, Rebecca Wenling; Xiao, Jieling; Chin, Yip Han; Tan, Ee Hong; Ren, Yiping; Chee, Douglas; Neo, Jonathan; Chew, Nicholas; Tseng, Michael T.; Siddiqui, Mohammad Shadab; Sanyal, Arun J.; Dan, Yock Young; Muthiah, Mark

doi:10.3390/ijerph19169935

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study reported that participants with an increase in BMI had greater odds of NAFLD compared to those with stable BMI using the trajectory modeling [22]. Nah et al [23] found significant association between historical weight changes 10 years ago and the present NAFLD prevalence. They showed that participants who progressed to obesity or overweight had higher risk for NAFLD [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in the Risk for Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease According to the Transition of Abdominal Obesity Status: A 16-Year Cohort Study

et al. 2023

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Waist circumference (WC) is an important predictor of long-term adverse outcomes. We aimed at assessing the correlation between abdominal obesity (AO) patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Data from 4467 adults aged 40–69 years and without NAFLD who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed. Participants were classified according to two-year WC pattern into four groups: persistent lean WC, improved AO, progressed to AO, and persistent AO. NAFLD was defined as NAFLD–liver fat score >−0.640. Multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for NAFLD in persistent AO, progressed to AO, and improved AO groups compared to the persistent lean WC group was 1.33 (1.13–1.57), 1.73 (1.48–2.02), and 1.06 (0.84–1.33), respectively. Women in persistent AO or progressed to AO groups had significantly higher risk for NAFLD than those in persistent lean WC or improved AO groups. Men who had progressed to an AO event over two years had significantly higher risk for NAFLD than those without any AO event over two years. Maintaining lean WC and improving AO would be successful strategies for preventing NAFLD in women, while maintaining lean WC would be more effective in men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in the Risk for Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease According to the Transition of Abdominal Obesity Status: A 16-Year Cohort Study

et al. 2023

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“…Importantly, the marginal effect of ectopic fat distributions on the predictive probability of having NAFLD were more significant in non-obese NAFLD relative to obese NAFLD. The importance of weight remains key in the management principle for NAFLD [ 31 , 32 ]. However, there should also be a wholesome reduction in fat mass beyond visceral fats which are most commonly associated with NAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DEXA Scan Body Fat Mass Distribution in Obese and Non-Obese Individuals and Risk of NAFLD—Analysis of 10,865 Individuals

Tan

Chan

et al. 2022

JCM

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide yet predicting non-obese NAFLD is challenging. Thus, this study investigates the potential of regional fat percentages obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in accurately assessing NAFLD risk. Using the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018, multivariate logistic regression and marginal analysis were conducted according to quartiles of regional fat percentages, stratified by gender. A total of 23,752 individuals were analysed. Males generally showed a larger increase in marginal probabilities of NAFLD development than females, except in head fat, which had the highest predictive probabilities of non-obese NAFLD in females (13.81%, 95%CI: 10.82–16.79) but the lowest in males (21.89%, 95%CI: 20.12–23.60). Increased percent of trunk fat was the strongest predictor of both non-obese (OR: 46.61, 95%CI: 33.55–64.76, p < 0.001) and obese NAFLD (OR: 2.93, 95%CI: 2.07–4.15, p < 0.001), whereas raised percent gynoid and leg fat were the weakest predictors. Ectopic fat deposits are increased in patients with non-obese NAFLD, with greater increases in truncal fat over gynoid fat. As increased fat deposits in all body regions can increase odds of NAFLD, therapeutic intervention to decrease ectopic fat, particularly truncal fat, may decrease NAFLD risk.

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“…NAFLD in the presence of a normal BMI may also be more common among Asian- and African Americans [32]. Normal-weight individuals were more likely to develop NAFLD if they had overweight [relative risk (RR): 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–3.54] or obesity (RR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.40–4.31) 10 years prior, implying a residual long-term effect of previous adiposity [33 ▪ ].…”

Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk in individuals with a normal body mass index

DiStefano

Gerhard

2023

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with obesity, but is also common in individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI), who also experience the hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and decompensated cirrhosis associated with NAFLD progression. The clinical evaluation and treatment of NAFLD in this patient population are challenging for the gastroenterologist. A better understanding of the epidemiology, natural history, and outcomes of NAFLD in individuals with normal BMI is emerging. This review examines the relationship between metabolic dysfunction and clinical characteristics associated with NAFLD in normal-weight individuals. Recent findings Despite a more favorable metabolic profile, normal-weight NAFLD patients exhibit metabolic dysfunction. Visceral adiposity may be a critical risk factor for NAFLD in normal-weight individuals, and waist circumference may be better than BMI for assessing metabolic risk in these patients. Although screening for NAFLD is not presently recommended, recent guidelines may assist clinicians in the diagnosis, staging, and management of NAFLD in individuals with a normal BMI. Summary Individuals with a normal BMI likely develop NAFLD as a result of different etiologies. Subclinical metabolic dysfunction may be a key component of NAFLD in these patients, and efforts to better understand this relationship in this patient population are needed.

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Historical Changes in Weight Classes and the Influence of NAFLD Prevalence: A Population Analysis of 34,486 Individuals

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Gender Differences in the Risk for Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease According to the Transition of Abdominal Obesity Status: A 16-Year Cohort Study

Gender Differences in the Risk for Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease According to the Transition of Abdominal Obesity Status: A 16-Year Cohort Study

DEXA Scan Body Fat Mass Distribution in Obese and Non-Obese Individuals and Risk of NAFLD—Analysis of 10,865 Individuals

Metabolic dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk in individuals with a normal body mass index

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