Historical Building Monitoring Using an Energy-Efficient Scalable Wireless Sensor Network Architecture

Capella, J.V.; Perles, Ángel; Bonastre, Alberto; Serrano, Juan José

doi:10.3390/s111110074

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We compared different works that did not propose directly the enlarging of EDs battery life. Those methods are [20,22,24,27,30]. We rule out doing a complete simulation of the other methods because we did not have the essential details to be able to do it.…”

Section: Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That also complicated an accurate comparison because we focused on the enlarging of RDs battery life but those works were focused on WSN nodes. The tree-topology was used by [22,24] and us (one-level tree). The rest of the methods used star topology ( [24] also used a cluster topology).…”

Section: Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interesting survey of different strategies for energy-saving in ZigBee WSNs in the context of IoT is shown in [14]. In general, the analyzed proposals are in three main lines: (a) management of channel and timing (physical level) [15][16][17]; (b) modification of the Medium Access Control (MAC) standard (MAC level) [18,19]; and (c) control of different parameters to reduce consumption [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like the last works, our approach uses a timer to activate the EDs for transmitting data messages to the RD at which they are associated. The authors in [24] presented a set of novel low-power wireless sensor nodes designed for monitoring wooden masterpieces and historical buildings in order to perform an early detection of pests. They proposed a new architecture with a new routing protocol.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending the Battery Life of the ZigBee Routers and Coordinator by Modifying Their Mode of Operation

Marrero

Suárez

Macías

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks proliferate more and more in all social scopes and sectors. Such networks are implemented in smart homes, smart cities, security systems, medical resources, agriculture, automotive industry, etc. Communication devices and sensors of such networks are powered with batteries: the enlarging of battery life is a hot research topic. We focus on wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee technology. While sleep standard operation mode is defined for end devices, it is not the case for the rest of devices (routers and Coordinator), which usually always remain in active mode. We designed a formal optimization model for maximizing the enlarging of the battery life of routers and Coordinator, allowing us to delimit practical successful conditions. It was successfully tested with a standard ZigBee datasheet comprising technical data for sensors, routers, and coordinators. It was tested in a practical wireless sensor network assembly with XBee S2C devices. We derived, from the previous model, a novel but simple protocol of communication among routers and coordinators. It was tested in different use cases. We showed that when end devices generate traffic at regular intervals, the enlarging of the battery life of routers and Coordinator was possible only under certain use cases.Sensors 2020, 20, 30 2 of 22 named end devices (EDs), with different sleep modes. The EDs are programmed to realize a prefixed sampling period, from a few seconds to days or more, and they remain idle until the next sampling period. Conversely, all other devices, like Router Devices (RD) and the Coordinator (C), remain active always. That is, they never are in sleep mode.In our previous work [11][12][13], we proposed a sleep mode of operation for WiFi Access Points (AP) for regular emitted traffic from WiFi terminals obtaining a considerable amount of energy-saving. Despite WSN and WiFi networks having different characteristics, operations, and functions, in this paper, we apply those previous ideas to include the sleep mode of operation in RDs and C when EDs emit traffic periodically. At the beginning of each period of time, the RDs and C enter active mode and find out the WSN spanning tree using any routing algorithm. The leaf nodes of that tree are the EDs, the intermediary nodes are the RDs, and the root is the C. Each RD manages one branch of the tree and can estimate when it will receive data frames from its children nodes (EDs or others RDs in the tree). After that, the RDs will send data frames to the upper-level RD or to the C (at level 0 of the tree). Once received and after sending the data frames, the RDs or the C can pass to sleep mode until the next beginning of the period of time. The enlarging of their battery life corresponds to the amount of time the RDs and C will be in sleep mode. The main objective of this paper is to show, under previous assumptions, if it is possible to obtain a significate enlarging of the battery of ZigBee RDs and C considering commercial devices. Up to our knowledge, we are the first to c...

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Section: Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending the Battery Life of the ZigBee Routers and Coordinator by Modifying Their Mode of Operation

Marrero

Suárez

Macías

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…We designed the sensing principles and implemented it for the enterprise AIDIMA (Furniture, Wood and Packaging Technology Institute) and has been successfully applied in monitoring different types of wood structures [24,26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Power Optical Sensor for Xylophagous Insect Detection in Wood

Perles

Mercado

Capella

et al. 2016

Sensors

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The early detection of pests is key for the maintenance of high-value masterpieces and historical buildings made of wood. In this work, we the present detailed design of an ultra-low power sensor device that permits the continuous monitoring of the presence of termites and other xylophagous insects. The operating principle of the sensor is based on the variations of reflected light induced by the presence of termites, and specific processing algorithms that deal with the behavior of the electronics and the natural ageing of components. With a typical CR2032 lithium battery, the device lasts more than nine years, and is ideal for incorporation in more complex monitoring systems where maintenance tasks should be minimized.

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2018

Building Performance Analysis

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Historical Building Monitoring Using an Energy-Efficient Scalable Wireless Sensor Network Architecture

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Extending the Battery Life of the ZigBee Routers and Coordinator by Modifying Their Mode of Operation

Extending the Battery Life of the ZigBee Routers and Coordinator by Modifying Their Mode of Operation

Ultra-Low Power Optical Sensor for Xylophagous Insect Detection in Wood

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