Historical Analysis Exposes Catastrophic Seagrass Loss for the United Kingdom

Green, Alix E.; Unsworth, Richard K. F.; Chadwick, Michael A.; Jones, Peter J.S.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.629962

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, salt-resistant plants typified by salt-marsh flora and marine seagrass raise the question of mechanism. AGPs are involved in two well-documented instances: firstly, AGP upregulation is a direct response to increased salt levels in plant cell suspension cultures [63]; secondly, some higher plants, exemplified by Zostera marina, have returned to a marine habitat [64]. Zostera architects of the seagrass meadow "blue carbon" ecosystem provide an exquisite test of the pinball hypothesis.…”

Section: Agps Respond To Salt Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth—A New Paradigm

Lamport

Kieliszewski

2021

Cells

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Novel molecular pinball machines of the plasma membrane control cytosolic Ca2+ levels that regulate plant metabolism. The essential components involve: 1. an auxin-activated proton pump; 2. arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs); 3. Ca2+ channels; 4. auxin-efflux “PIN” proteins. Typical pinball machines release pinballs that trigger various sound and visual effects. However, in plants, “proton pinballs” eject Ca2+ bound by paired glucuronic acid residues of numerous glycomodules in periplasmic AGP-Ca2+. Freed Ca2+ ions flow down the electrostatic gradient through open Ca2+ channels into the cytosol, thus activating numerous Ca2+-dependent activities. Clearly, cytosolic Ca2+ levels depend on the activity of the proton pump, the state of Ca2+ channels and the size of the periplasmic AGP-Ca2+ capacitor; proton pump activation is a major regulatory focal point tightly controlled by the supply of auxin. Auxin efflux carriers conveniently known as “PIN” proteins (null mutants are pin-shaped) pump auxin from cell to cell. Mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels and their activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) are yet another factor regulating cytosolic Ca2+. Cell expansion also triggers proton pump/pinball activity by the mechanotransduction of wall stress via Hechtian adhesion, thus forming a Hechtian oscillator that underlies cycles of wall plasticity and oscillatory growth. Finally, the Ca2+ homeostasis of plants depends on cell surface external storage as a source of dynamic Ca2+, unlike the internal ER storage source of animals, where the added regulatory complexities ranging from vitamin D to parathormone contrast with the elegant simplicity of plant life. This paper summarizes a sixty-year Odyssey.

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Section: Agps Respond To Salt Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth—A New Paradigm

Lamport

Kieliszewski

2021

Cells

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“…Conceptions of environmental degradation tend to shift depending on our temporal reference point. In a seagrass context, this "shifting baseline syndrome" (SBS) [61] is commonly the earliest known data of areal extent of seagrass which is then assumed as an unaffected baseline condition [62]. This is further exacerbated by data being supported by qualitative and quantitative accounts that refer to healthier conditions within a scientist's lifetime.…”

Section: Seagrass Loss and Shifting Baselinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seagrass Meadows Provide a Significant Resource in Support of Avifauna

Unsworth

Butterworth

2021

Diversity

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Seagrass meadows are known to be rich in fauna, with complex food webs that provide trophic subsidy to species and habitats way beyond the extent of their distribution. Birds are an often-overlooked part of marine ecosystems; not only are they crucial to the health of marine ecosystems, but their populations are also supported by the productivity and biodiversity of marine ecosystems. The links of birds to specific habitat types such as seagrass meadows are largely not considered except in the context of direct herbivorous consumption. Here, we examine the linkages between seagrass and birds and propose a conceptual framework for how seagrasses may support bird populations beyond their distribution in both direct and indirect pathways. We present evidence that seagrass meadows are globally foraged for fish and invertebrates by coastal birds. They are also targeted by herbivorous wildfowl and potentially benefit birds further afield indirectly as a result of their support for offshore marine fish species at critical times in their life cycle (e.g., Atlantic Cod and King George Whiting). Evidence from the literature indicates that seagrass does provide support for birds, but reveals a field of research requiring much gap filling as studies are globally sparse, mechanistically limited, and small in spatial and temporal scales.

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“…AGPs are involved in two well-documented instances: Firstly, AGP upregulation is a direct response to increased salt levels in plant cell suspension cultures [63]. Secondly, some higher plants, exemplified by Zostera marina, have returned to a marine habitat [64]. Zostera architects of the seagrass meadow "blue carbon" ecosystem provide an exquisite test of the pinball hypothesis.…”

Section: Agps Respond To Salt Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth – A New Paradigm

Lamport¹,

Tan²,

Kieliszewski

2021

Preprint

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Novel molecular pinball machines of the plasma membrane control cytosolic Ca2+ levels that regulate plant metabolism. [https://youtu.be/zABg7LiBk88] Essential components involve: 1. an auxin-activated proton pump; 2. arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs); 3. Ca2+ channels; 4. auxin-efflux “PIN” proteins. Typical pinball machines release pinballs that trigger various sound and visual effects. However, in plants “proton pinballs” eject Ca2+ bound by paired glucuronic acid residues of numerous glycomodules in periplasmic AGP-Ca2+. Freed Ca2+ ions flow down the electrostatic gradient through open Ca2+ channels into the cytosol thus activating numerous Ca2+-dependent activities.Clearly cytosolic Ca2+ levels depend on activity of the proton pump, the state of Ca2+ channels and size of the periplasmic AGP-Ca2+ capacitor: Proton pump activation is a major regulatory focal point tightly controlled by the supply of auxin: auxin efflux carriers conveniently known as “PIN” proteins [null mutants are pin-shaped!] pump auxin from cell to cell. Mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels and their activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) are yet another factor regulating cytosolic Ca2+.Cell expansion also triggers proton pump/pinball activity by mechanotransduction of wall stress via Hechtian adhesion thus forming a Hechtian oscillator that underlies cycles of wall plasticity and oscillatory growth.Finally, Ca2+ homeostasis of plants depends on cell surface external storage as source of dynamic Ca2+, unlike the internal ER storage source of animals where the added regulatory complexities ranging from vitamin D to parathormone contrast with the elegant simplicity of plant life. This paper summarises a sixty year Odyssey.

show abstract

Historical Analysis Exposes Catastrophic Seagrass Loss for the United Kingdom

Cited by 56 publications

References 56 publications

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth—A New Paradigm

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth—A New Paradigm

Seagrass Meadows Provide a Significant Resource in Support of Avifauna

A Molecular Pinball Machine of the Plasma Membrane Regulates Plant Growth – A New Paradigm

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