Historic Origins and Role of Pediatric Anesthesiology in Child Health Care

Downes, John J.

doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38688-6

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Photo courtesy of Dr. John J. Downes. Table 3 Origins of Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Europe and North America (22)(23)(24) were added to accommodate the increasing number of patients who required long-term assisted ventilation or airway care, thus making it a 30-bed PICU complex-the largest in the nation at the time. 'We had a lot of growth pains going from 6 to 30 beds, but it was exciting', reminisced Downes.…”

Section: The Picu At Chopmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: an interview with Dr. John J. ‘Jack’ Downes

Christine

Schreiner

Firth

et al. 2013

Pediatric Anesthesia

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Summary Dr. John J. ‘Jack’ Downes (1930–), the anesthesiologist‐in‐chief at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (1972–1996), has made numerous contributions to pediatric anesthesia and critical care medicine through a broad spectrum of research on chronic respiratory failure, status asthmaticus, postoperative risks of apnea in premature infants, and home‐assisted mechanical ventilation. However, his defining moment was in January 1967, when The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia inaugurated its pediatric intensive care unit—the first of its kind in North America. During his tenure, he and his colleagues trained an entire generation of pediatric anesthesiologists and intensivists and set a standard of care and professionalism that continues to the present day. Based on an interview with Dr. Downes, this article reviews a career that advanced pediatric anesthesia and critical care medicine and describes the development of that first pediatric intensive care unit at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

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Section: The Picu At Chopmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: an interview with Dr. John J. ‘Jack’ Downes

Christine

Schreiner

Firth

et al. 2013

Pediatric Anesthesia

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“…Overseas, the Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson and the English anesthetist John Snow practiced anesthesia with ether and with the more potent chloroform. In capable hands, chloroform was superior to ether; however, chloroform had a narrower margin of error, with higher incidences of fatal hypotension and cardiac arrest (5). Simpson provided ether anesthesia for Edinburgh women in labor and subsequently published his experience with chloroform.…”

Section: Beginningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using an endotracheal tube connected to a circuit based on Jackson-Rees' modification of Ayre's T-piece and applying end expiratory pressures of 6-8 mmHg, Dr. George Gregory et al were able to significantly improve survival rates (22). Furthermore, the polio epidemic in Europe and North America, the surge of Reye's syndrome, and the need for advanced postoperative management for cardiac and neurologic patients prompted specialized units of healthcare providers; thus began the early formation of pediatric intensive care units in the 1950s (Table 1) (5,23).…”

Section: Pioneersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of pediatric anesthesia: a tale of pioneers and equipment

Christine

Coté

2012

Pediatric Anesthesia

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“…Injuries occurring during ether inhalation did not cause pain. Dr Long came to the conclusion that minor operations could be performed without pain (3).…”

Section: Pain Management In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dr Long describes the situation: ‘My third experiment in etherization was made on the July 3, 1842, and was on a negro boy, the property of Mrs S. Hemphill, who resides 9 miles from Jefferson. The boy had a disease of the toe, which rendered its amputation necessary, and the operation was performed without the boy evincing the least sign of pain.’ (3). The use of ether for the loss of pain sensation was extensively approved.…”

Section: Pain Management In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%