Historia de la escrófula: de la discrasia humoral a la consunción

G, Ignacio Duarte; F, Claudia Chuaqui

doi:10.4067/s0034-98872016000400012

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Se establecía así una relación de la tisis pulmonar con la escrófula, sugiriéndose la existencia de la entidad "tisis escrofulosa". En la centuria siguiente se notó a ojo desnudo el aspecto caseoso similar de ambas lesiones 46 . Esto después se corroboró en el examen microscópico con la descripción de necrosis y minúsculos granulomas epiteloideos denominados tubérculos 1 .…”

Section: La Escrófula Ayer Y Hoyunclassified

De la escrófula a la linfoadenitis micobacteriana

Duarte

2017

Rev. chil. infectol.

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In the 19th century it was widely believed that both tuberculosis and cervical lymph node swelling, known as scrophula, affected individuals predisposed to an inherited "diathetic constitution". In 1882 Robert Koch proved that human tuberculosis and scrophulous lesions were caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the early twentieth century it was stated that Mycobacterium bovis, the bacillus of cattle tuberculosis, could also cause cervical lymphoadenitis in humans, especially in children, by the intake of milk from sick cows. The incidence of this condition decreased after the infection was controlled in cattle and pasteurization of the milk was introduced. A type of granulomatous necrotizing and suppurative cervico-facial lymphadenitis associated to non-tuberculous mycobacteria was described in 1956. It mainly affects children younger than 5 years old, particularly those born in countries with non-endemic tuberculosis. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is prevalent in young adults from tuberculosis-endemic countries and in HIV-infected subjects. Infectious etiology displaced the importance of a personal disposition in the development of scrophula. Nevertheless, mutations that confer susceptibility to mycobacterial infection are currently investigated.

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Section: La Escrófula Ayer Y Hoyunclassified

De la escrófula a la linfoadenitis micobacteriana

Duarte

2017

Rev. chil. infectol.

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“… 3 Exceptions include Duarte and Chuaqui (2016) and Lakhtakia (2013) which are summaries of different historical treatments for scrofula. Komorowski and Song (2018) explore how the seventeenth-century physician Richard Wiseman used imagery from the Royal Touch to authorise his own natural methods of curing scrofula. …”

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An overlooked eighteenth-century scrofula pamphlet: changing forms and changing readers, 1760–1824

Bower¹

2023

Science Museum Group Journal

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This article tells the story of an eighteenth-century medical pamphlet called An essay on the nature and cure of the King’s Evil, deduced from observation and practice. This was written by John Morley (d. 1776/7), a wealthy Essex landowner who advertised free medical treatments. The pamphlet is one of many short tracts on scrofula produced after the ceremony of ‘the royal touch’ ceased with the death of Queen Anne. However, it merits special attention from historians of medicine and historians of the book because it was edited and reprinted many more times than other surviving scrofula tracts: 42 editions appeared between 1760 and 1824. This suggests significant popularity. The Essay is also of interest because the first 15 editions display changes and additions completed by Morley before his death in late 1776 or early 1777. Between these versions, Morley consistently refashioned his identity as practitioner and author. He also adjusted his portrayal of the intended readers of the pamphlet: in later editions, readers are recorded using the Essay in increasingly complex and autonomous ways to design their own medical treatments. The pamphlet is therefore testimony to the fluid relationship between practitioner and patient. It shows that seemingly simple, formulaic and easy-to-read forms like pamphlets and case studies could play a variety of complex and shifting roles in eighteenth-century medical encounters and the construction of healing knowledge.

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“…En la medicina hipocrática se la atribuía a acumulación anormal de flema o pituita en los ganglios. Desde la antigüedad la escrófula atrajo el interés de los médicos por su evolución local que podía variar desde la remisión completa, la reaparición, la fistulización y cicatrización deformante 1 . Por mucho tiempo se creyó que ciertos reyes podían curarla milagrosamente 2 .…”

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“…Se describió la tisis escrofulosa, caracterizada por una tumefacción ganglionar cervical, con compromiso pulmonar y consunción, que se interpretaba como consecuencia de una acrimonia del componente líquido de la sangre, el cual se coagulaba en órganos esponjosos. El color y consistencia de las lesiones se comparó con el del queso o requesón y se reconoció que esta forma compleja de la enfermedad podía tener una evolución mortal 1 .…”

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La escrófula en el siglo XIX

Duarte

2017

Rev. chil. infectol.

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In the 19th century scrofula or scrofulous adenitis was a frequent condition estimated by the finding of swollen cervical lymph nodes or scars, occurring in both sexes at all epochs of life, mainly in children. It was thought that it principally affected people with an inherited phlegmatic constitution that involved a scrofulous disposition or "diathesis". The disease would be triggered by environmental agents, bad habits or excesses in style of life. Besides injuring cervical lymph nodes, in some cases scrofula could compromise other groups of lymph nodes, bones, joints, lungs or other viscera. In some of its clinical presentations the disease could be healed while others were often lethal disorders. The finding of multiorgan compromise, caseation and "tuberculization" of the lesions originated discussion whether scrofula and tuberculosis were one or two different diseases and if they affected subjects with a common diathesis or people with a distinct scrofulous or tuberculous diathesis. Along the 19th century, before the discovery of Koch's bacillus, the notion of contagion as a cause of scrofula and tuberculosis was not predominant in Europe.

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Historia de la escrófula: de la discrasia humoral a la consunción

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

De la escrófula a la linfoadenitis micobacteriana

De la escrófula a la linfoadenitis micobacteriana

An overlooked eighteenth-century scrofula pamphlet: changing forms and changing readers, 1760–1824

La escrófula en el siglo XIX

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Historia de la escrófula: de la discrasia humoral a la consunción

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

De la escrófula a la linfoadenitis micobacteriana

De la escrófula a la linfoadenitis micobacteriana

An overlooked eighteenth-century scrofula pamphlet: changing forms and changing readers, 1760&ndash;1824

La escrófula en el siglo XIX

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An overlooked eighteenth-century scrofula pamphlet: changing forms and changing readers, 1760–1824