Histoplasmosis in Idaho and Montana, USA, 2012–2013

Nett, Randall J.; Skillman, Donald R.; Riek, Laurel; Davis, Brian R.; Blue, Sky R.; Sundberg, Elizabeth E.; Merriman, Joel R; Hahn, Christine; Park, Benjamin J.

doi:10.3201/eid2106.141367

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This exclusion is particularly relevant, given the microfocus concept that Histoplasma exist in small environmental foci, resulting in localized outbreaks or other exposures in non–histoplasmosis-endemic areas ( 17 , 18 ). It is also worth noting that the coarse resolution of the soil pH pixels limited the sensitivity of the weighted overlay result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MappingHistoplasma capsulatumExposure, United States

Maiga¹,

Deppen²,

Scaffidi³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Maps of Histoplasma capsulatum infection prevalence were created 50 years ago; since then, the environment, climate, and anthropogenic land use have changed drastically. Recent outbreaks of acute disease in Montana and Nebraska, USA, suggest shifts in geographic distribution, necessitating updated prevalence maps. To create a weighted overlay geographic suitability model for Histoplasma, we used a geographic information system to combine satellite imagery integrating land cover use (70%), distance to water (20%), and soil pH (10%). We used logistic regression modeling to compare our map with state-level histoplasmosis incidence data from a 5% sample from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. When compared with the state-based Centers data, the predictive accuracy of the suitability score–predicted states with high and mid-to-high histoplasmosis incidence was moderate. Preferred soil environments for Histoplasma have migrated into the upper Missouri River basin. Suitability score mapping may be applicable to other geographically specific infectious vectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MappingHistoplasma capsulatumExposure, United States

Maiga¹,

Deppen²,

Scaffidi³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Most of the endemic areas can be found in the United States, with highest prevalence in the Midwestern and Southern states and regions along the Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi Rivers (Brömel e Sykes, 2005;Nett et al, 2015). In Brazil, several micro-epidemics have been reported in people living in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Bahia and Amazonas (Zancopé-Oliveira et al, 2005;Passos et al, 2014;Rocha-Silva et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline histoplasmosis: a case of supraorbital involvement

Souza¹,

Gremião²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

RBCV

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Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum that infects humans and a wide variety of mammalian species, including cats. In Brazil only four cases of this disease were reported in domestic cats. The present study reports a case of an indoor cat, rescued from street three years ago, that developed histoplasmosis with supraorbital involvement. The cat presented sneezing, dyspnea and increased respiratory sounds and the diagnosis suspected was allergic rhinitis. Prednisolone and amoxicillin were prescribed. The patient returned to clinic after clinical signs worsened with a swelling of the right supraorbital region, unilateral left side conjunctivitis and enlarged submandibular lymph nodes. Cytology and culture revealed Histoplasma capsulatum. Initially, itraconazole (10 mg/Kg SID orally) was prescribed and due to the worsening of clinical signs, was combined amphotericin B (0.5 mg/kg SC) for two weeks. The therapy with amphotericin was discontinued and itraconazole continued to be administered for six months. The clinical signs were resolved and no recrudescence was reported. It is important that veterinary practitioners to be aware of the clinical features of feline histoplasmosis and consider the possibility of a subclinical infection.Keywords: corticosteroid, cat, involvement supraorbital, Histoplasma capsulatum. ResumoHistoplasmose é uma infecção sistêmica causada pelo fungo dimórfico Histoplasma capsulatum, que infecta humanos e uma ampla variedade de mamíferos, incluindo os gatos. No Brasil, somente quatro casos dessa doença foram relatados em gatos domésticos. O presente estudo relata um caso de um gato, vivendo em ambiente domiciliar sem acesso à rua, mas que tinha sido resgatado das ruas havia três anos, que desenvolveu histoplasmose com envolvimento supraorbital. O paciente apresentava espirros, dispneia e aumento dos sons respiratórios e a suspeita clínica foi rinite alérgica. O animal foi tratado com prednisolona e amoxicilina. Com a piora dos sinais clínicos o paciente retornou apresentando um edema na região supraorbital direita, conjuntivite unilateral do olho esquerdo e linfoadenomegalia na região submandibular. A citologia e a cultura revelaram a presença de Histoplasma capsulatum. Inicialmente, itraconazol (10 mg/kg via oral, uma vez ao dia) foi prescrito e devido à piora dos sinais clínicos, anfotericina B (0,5 mg/Kg via subcutânea) foi administrada por duas semanas associada ao triazólico. A terapia com anfotericina B foi descontinuada e o itraconazol mantido por seis meses até a cura clínica e nenhuma recrudescência foi registrada. É importante ressaltar que veterinários devem estar atentos para os sinais clínicos da histoplasmose e que devem considerar a possibilidade de uma infecção subclínica.Palavras-chave: corticoide, gato, envolvimento supraorbital, Histoplasma capsulatum.

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“…These include California, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, and New York as well as states north of the classical endemic area such as Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan [ 6 , 22 – 25 ]. Moreover, veterinary cases have been reported to extend into southwest states such as New Mexico and Colorado and as far north as Alaska [ 26 , 27 ]. In Canada, histoplasmosis is endemic in Quebec and Ontario along the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes Drainage Basin [ 7 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses

et al. 2020

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Endemic mycoses such as histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and talaromycosis are well-known causes of focal and systemic disease within specific geographic areas of known endemicity. However, over the past few decades, there have been increasingly frequent reports of infections due to endemic fungi in areas previously thought to be “non-endemic.” There are numerous potential reasons for this shift such as increased use of immune suppressive medications, improved diagnostic tests, increased disease recognition, and global factors such as migration, increased travel, and climate change. Regardless of the causes, it has become evident that our previous understanding of endemic regions for these fungal diseases needs to evolve. The epidemiology of the newly described Emergomyces is incomplete; our understanding of it continues to evolve. This review will focus on the evidence underlying the established areas of endemicity for these mycoses as well as new data and reports from medical literature that support the re-thinking these geographic boundaries. Updating the endemic fungi maps would inform clinical practice and global surveillance of these diseases.

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Histoplasmosis in Idaho and Montana, USA, 2012–2013

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

MappingHistoplasma capsulatumExposure, United States

MappingHistoplasma capsulatumExposure, United States

Feline histoplasmosis: a case of supraorbital involvement

Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses

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