Quality assurance in surgery has never been more important. As public awareness and lay access to educational resources increase, the onus is on the surgical community to provide a consistently excellent standard of care. Nowhere is this more evident than the field of oncology. The establishment of the multidisciplinary care model ensures that patients are afforded timely and appropriate specialist referral, 1 and an international vogue towards a patient-led service is evident in recent years. 2 While involvement of chemo-and radiation-oncologists undoubtedly improves disease-free survival, there is an increasing body of evidence pointing to the primacy of surgical technique. 3 Natural evolution of practice produced enhanced results, 4 but a more active approach to establishment of guidelines and implementation of strict protocols has been adopted. 5 The concept of variation in outcome dependent upon the individual surgeon performing the operation is not new 6 but certainly adds weight to the argument for subspecialization in the light of the ongoing volume-outcome debate. 7 Heald was first to describe total mesorectal excision, 8 and while the technique may not have been entirely original, there is no doubt but that it has revolutionized the worldwide management of rectal cancer. 9 It involves the formal resection of an intact tumor specimen with its full lymphatic drainage and blood supply within a predefined operative plane. However, until now, it has been difficult to attribute improvement in patient outcome specifically to technique alone, and the contribution of a concurrent global enhancement of rectal cancer care cannot be discounted. A recent study, however, succeeded in isolating adequate plane in rectal cancer surgery as an independent prognostic factor (irrespective of (neo)-adjuvant radiotherapy) and found it to be more important than resection margins, thus challenging traditional dogma. 10 Short-course pre-operative radiotherapy combined with adequate plane surgery almost abolished recurrence at 3 years, thus allowing the consideration of rectal cancer as a curable entity. The authors describe a progressive improvement in technique (and thus outcome) over the study period and suggest that the process of executing the trial alone may have contributed to this. With modification of technique and standardization of adjuvant therapies, rectal cancer now demonstrates an equivalent, if not better, disease-free survival to stageequivalent colon cancer 11 (whose management, until now, has been poorly standardized).The relatively new concept of complete mesocolic excision in the management of colon cancer represents far more than evolution in operative technique. It attempts to extrapolate the advances in rectal cancer management and translate the vast survival advantage to colon cancer. This reflects the vogue towards quality assurance 12 and international standardization of cancer care. While many guidelines govern the diagnosis of colon cancer, 13 far fewer attempt to legislate for specifics of operative ...