Histopathology of Thyroid Tumors. An Overview

Scopa, Chrisoula D.

doi:10.14310/horm.2002.11118

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…These symptoms are not specific for malignant diseases and may present in benign conditions or absent in malignnant conditions [15][16][17]. Benign lesions accounted for only 25%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience

Alamri¹

2012

JCT

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Objectives: To review the pattern of thyroid tumor, demographic data of the patients, sensitivity, and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology; Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy at King Fahad Hospital of the University between 1982 and 2008. Data were analyzed for demographic characteristics, type of thyroid tumors, Fine Needle Aspirations Cytology (FNAC) yields and surgical complications; Results: A total of 143 patients with thyroid tumors underwent throidectomy. Their median age was 37.5 years. Females were predominantly affected (81%) with female to male ratio of (4:29). Thyroid carcinoma accounted for (75%) while benign tumors for (25%). The most common thyroid epithelial cancer was papillary type (74%) and was limited to thyroid tissues in almost two third of cases. Non-epithelial cancer in the form of thyroid lymphoma accounted for (4.89%) of the cases. FNAC sensitivity was 56% and specificity 92%. Surgical complications occurred in 18% of the patients; Conclusions: The commonest malignant thyroid cancer was papillary carcinoma. Thyroid cancer was more common in females. FNAC is highly accurate to confirm thyroid cancer but less sensitive in this study. Surgical complications were relatively minimal.

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“…These symptoms are not specific for malignant diseases and may present in benign conditions or absent in malignnant conditions [15][16][17]. Benign lesions accounted for only 25%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience

Alamri¹

2012

JCT

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“…28,29 In these studies, aberrant tight junction formation characterized poorly differentiated carcinomas or compact oncocytic tumors. Recently, gene expression analysis has shown enhanced expression of claudin-3, -4 and -7 genes in thyroid neoplastic tissues 22 and of claudin-1 and 16 genes in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. 30 These studies make no specific comment to the different histologic types of thyroid tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, elevated gene expression of several claudins (ie claudin-3, -4, -7) was found in normal and malignant thyroid tissue. 22 However, the expression of tight junctions proteins in the various histologic types of thyroid neoplasms has not been addressed thoroughly before.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tight junctions in thyroid carcinogenesis: diverse expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-7 and occludin in thyroid neoplasms

et al. 2008

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Claudins and occludin are integral constituents of tight junctions and are deregulated in a variety of malignancies. Their role in thyroid carcinogenesis has not yet been elucidated. This study investigates the expression of occludin and claudin-1, -4 and -7 in thyroid neoplasms. Ninety-one thyroid neoplasms (15 follicular adenomas, 15 follicular carcinomas, 26 papillary carcinomas, 16 papillary microcarcinomas, 8 medullary carcinomas, 3 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 8 undifferentiated carcinomas) were immunostained with antibodies against occludin and claudin-1, -4 and -7. Occludin was mainly expressed in the form of intracytoplasmic vesicles, whereas all claudins tested exhibited membranous immunostaining. Thirteen out of 15 follicular adenomas, 10/15 follicular carcinomas, 24/26 papillary carcinomas, 15/16 papillary microcarcinomas, 1/8 medullary carcinomas, 2/3 poorly differentiated carcinomas and 2/8 undifferentiated carcinomas exhibited claudin-1 expression, whereas claudin-4 was expressed in 13/15, 12/15, 23/26, 13/16, 7/8, 2/3 and 2/8 of the tumors, respectively, and claudin-7 expression was found in 67, 33, 73, 69, 25, 0 and 13% of the cases, respectively. Occludin was expressed in 100% follicular adenomas, 80% follicular carcinomas, 96% papillary carcinomas, 50% papillary microcarcinomas, 50% medullary carcinomas, 33% poorly differentiated carcinomas and 88% undifferentiated carcinomas. Occludin expression was reduced in papillary microcarcinomas, medullary carcinomas and poorly differentiated carcinomas. All claudins exhibited reduced expression in undifferentiated carcinomas. Claudin-1 was additionally reduced in medullary carcinomas and claudin-7 in follicular, medullary and poorly differentiated carcinomas. A correlation between loss of claudin-1 expression and worse disease-free survival was noted on univariate analysis. Dedifferentiation of the thyroid carcinomas is accompanied by reduction in claudin-1, -4 and -7 expression. A differential expression of tight junction proteins in the different histologic types of thyroid gland is noted. Additionally, claudin-1 expression may be an important prognostic indicator of recurrence in thyroid carcinomas.

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“…Despite the recognized potential of 68 Ga, it was not routinely used in clinical practice until recently. It is probable that advances in the development of radiolabeled peptides for diagnostic and therapeutic 56 February 28, 2010|Volume 2|Issue 2| WJR|www.wjgnet.com Tan EH et al . 68 purposes have contributed substantially to the current emergence of 68 Ga as a positron tracer, specifically in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.…”

Section: Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malignant thyroid tumors are classified according to several subtypes: follicular (encapsulated and widely invasive), papillary (classical or variants), anaplastic, and medullary [56] . Papillary and follicular type thyroid cancer form the majority of thyroid tumors.…”

Section: Non-medullary Thyroid Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring new frontiers in molecular imaging: Emergence of⁶⁸Ga PET/CT

Tan

Goh²

2010

WJR

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Since US Food and Drug Administration approval of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose as a positron tracer, and the development of hybrid positron emission tomography/ computed tomography machines, there has been a great increase in clinical application and progress in the field of nuclear molecular imaging. However, not underestimating the value of 18 F, there are known limitations in the use of this cyclotron-produced positron tracer. We hence turn our focus to an emerging positron tracer, 68 Ga, and examine the advantages, current clinical uses and potential future applications of this radioisotope. THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHYPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging is essentially a story of a technique in wait of a technology. Since the discovery of positron emission in 1933 by Thibaud and Joliot et al, and the subsequent report of the coincident nature of emissions by Klemperer and Beringer, it has in effect taken close to half a century for the full realization of PET imaging in mainstream medical practice [1] . The history of PET development is a fascinating look into the technological advances in molecular medicine, and the account of Terry Jones provides fascinating reading [1] . The first use of positron tracers was likely performed in the 1940s using 11 CO in animal models [2] , with its first possible use in humans performed in the 1950s at the Hammersmith Hospital in London, United Kingdom using 15 O2 in studies of lung ventilation [3] . This was followed by increasing use of positron tracers in the physiological assessment of lung function, which resulted in the installation of the world's first hospital-based cyclotron in 1955. Subsequently, development shifted into myocardial perfusion [4] , cerebral perfusion [5][6][7] , and of course, glucose metabolism [8][9][10][11] . This development in positron tracers mirrored the progress in positron imaging. In the 1970s, Massachusetts General Hospital developed, what was then, the most advanced coincidence positron camera system, with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 cm [12] . This was followed by developments predominantly in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with work done by Kuhl, Budinger and Gullberg, and in 1974, there were reports of the development of a dedicated single-plane positron emission transaxial tomograph, which was the precursor to the current PET systems.These developments explain the slow implementation of PET into clinical practice, as synchronous developments in both tracer and detector technology were reWorld Journal of Radiology W J R

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Histopathology of Thyroid Tumors. An Overview

Cited by 40 publications

References 64 publications

Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience

Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience

Tight junctions in thyroid carcinogenesis: diverse expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-7 and occludin in thyroid neoplasms

Exploring new frontiers in molecular imaging: Emergence of⁶⁸Ga PET/CT

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Histopathology of Thyroid Tumors. An Overview

Cited by 40 publications

References 64 publications

Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience

Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience

Tight junctions in thyroid carcinogenesis: diverse expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-7 and occludin in thyroid neoplasms

Exploring new frontiers in molecular imaging: Emergence of68Ga PET/CT

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Exploring new frontiers in molecular imaging: Emergence of⁶⁸Ga PET/CT