Histopathology of murine toxoplasmosis under treatment with dialyzable leukocyte extract

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLEs) contain molecules smaller than 10 kDa with biological activity in receptor organisms. Primarily, they participate in the regulation of the Th1 immune response, which is essential for the control of several intracellular infections, such as toxoplasmosis. This disease is associated with congenital infection, encephalitis or systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. The clinical course of this infection fundamentally depends on a well-regulated immune response and timely treatment with the appropriate drugs.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with a leukocyte extract, derived from crocodile lymphoid tissue, on the histopathology and brain parasite load in NIH mice that had been infected with cysts of Toxoplasma gondii (ME-49 strain).METHODSThe treatment was applied during the acute and chronic stages of the infection. Histopathological changes were evaluated in the ileum, liver and spleen at one, four and eight weeks after infection and in the brain at week 8. The parasite load was evaluated by counting the cysts of T. gondii found in the brain.FINDINGSCompared to the control mouse group, the mice infected with T. gondii and under treatment with DLE showed less tissue damage, mainly at the intestinal, splenic and hepatic levels. In addition, a greater percentage of survival was observed, and there was a considerable reduction in the parasite load in the brain.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that DLE derived from crocodile is a potential adjunctive therapy in the conventional treatment of toxoplasmosis.

Congenital human toxoplasmosis caused by non-clonal Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in Argentina

“…La morbilidad analizada en ratones infectados con T. gondii también puede indicar grados de virulencia variables. Las lesiones histopatológicas y la presencia de quistes en diversos órganos, así como la presencia de ADN parasitario dan cuenta de la patogenia de la infección por T. gondii (Costa et al, 2018;Fuentes-Castro et al, 2017). Cuando se observa por histopatología el SNC afectado por la infección con T. gondii, se han descripto lesiones compatibles con meningitis no supurativa y presencia de manguitos perivasculares.…”

“…En estudios experimentales realizados en ratones Swiss infectados con la cepa ME49 se observaron infiltrados mononucleares perivasculares focales y multifocales y la aparición de quistes 15 dpi (Pereira et al, 2017). La misma cepa en ratones NIH generó infiltración mononuclear perivascular, nódulos gliales y numerosos quistes (Fuentes-Castro et al, 2017).…”

Potential Therapeutic Effect of Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Chronic Cerebral Murine Toxoplasmosis

“…MSCs may not have anti-Toxoplasma activity. The cyst structure itself is an effective mean of immune evasion by which the parasite protects itself from immune system and drugs [5]. Group II, showed considerable rise in the mean Toxoplasma cysts count (p value< 0.05) compared to group IV and I.…”

“…Absence of any one of these pro-inflammatory mediators leads to higher mortality during infection due to uncontrolled tachyzoite growth [4]. The brains of infected mice showed evidence of inflammatory infiltration, gliosis together with T. gondii cysts and proinflammatory cytokines [5].…”

The Outcomes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for Experimental Toxoplasmosis

“…Also, T. gondii tissue cysts in brain tissues of infected control mice were with intact cyst wall without distortion, similar to notifications by Waree et al, [47] . Fuentes-Castro et al, [48] also recorded the presence of inflammatory infiltration and gliosis around T. gondii cysts in chronically infected mice. In our study, the brain tissue of SPF treated group (G3) showed the presence of a moderate number of Toxoplasma tissue cysts with areas of hemorrhage and tissue infiltration.…”