Histopathological spectrum of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

Abstract

Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) comprises neoplasm arising from the ocular surface, which includes conjunctiva, cornea, and limbus and ranges from mild dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Purpose: The aim of this work was to study the spectrum of OSSN based on histopathological analysis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study comprising 776 histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSSN from January 2004 to December 2014. Results: The mean age of presentation of OSSN was 45 years (median, 45 years; 2 to 87 years) with male preponderance (74%). The most common age group of presentation was 41–60 years (n = 299; 39%). The most common type of OSSN was invasive squamous cell carcinoma seen in 50% (n = 383) eyes followed by severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situin 31% (n = 250) eyes. Tumor infiltration at base was seen in 16% (n = 124), positive margins in 32% (n = 248), scleral infiltration in 14% (n = 109), intraocular extension in 3% (n = 23), and orbital extension in 4% (n = 26) eyes. OSSN was associated with actinic keratosis in 21% (n = 165) cases. Conclusion: Based on histopathology, invasive squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of OSSN in the Asian Indian population.