Histopathological features of unilateral stapling in animal experiments

Abstract

Blount stapling of the proximal medial tibial growth was performed in 10-week-old domestic pigs. A total of 37 animals for up to 17 weeks were followed up. The histological evaluation showed a different reaction of the growth plate in the medial (stapled), central and lateral area. Up to 6 days after stapling the morphological features were characterized by deviations of the cell column from the axial alignment. Herniations of mature chondrocytes as well as isles of epiphyseal cartilage splintered into the adjacent metaphyseal cancellous bone were seen. From the 10th to the 11th postoperative day on there was a decline in the number of distal hypertrophic and degenerating cartilage cells due to impaired proliferation. Cell atrophy due to disturbed maturation or cell degeneration was evident. Local clusters of chondrocytes with loss of columnar arrangement indicated impaired chondrogenesis. Twenty-eight days after the operation coarser structures and changed alignment of cancellous bone characterized the morphological picture. The postoperative follow-up showed epiphyseal plates bounded by mature bone blocks or even a distinct sheet of horizontally oriented bone plates on the metaphyseal side. Many metaphyseal findings, such as augmented hypertrophic cells in the early postoperative period, or platelike limitations of the epiphyseal plate complete the morphological picture.

Electrical stimulation of the growth plate: A potential approach to an epiphysiodesis

“…[Morein et al, 1978;Rosen et al, 1990]. In this study, our histology was consistent with the findings of shrinkage of the growth plate with distinct morphological changes such as local clusters of chondrocytes and loss of columnar arrangement, which were similar to findings in epiphyseal stapling [Karbowski et al, 1989]. In an in vitro study, Okihana and Shimomura [1988] reported the devitalization of cells with DC over 10 mA; however, in this study with rabbits, there was no devitalization at the cellular level.…”

Similar growth plate morphology in stapling and tension band plating hemiepiphysiodesis: A porcine experimental histomorphometric study

“…Furthermore excessive varus angulation was noticed after failure of implanted staples 13. No histological analysis was included in these studies but the effects of hemiepiphysiodesis using staples have previously been studied in pigs by Karbowski et al5, 6 Histologically they found deviation from the normal axial arrangement of the cell columns of chondrocytes in the physis. We did find a similar disorganization of chondrocytes which suggest an equal biological response in the physis whether stapling or tension band plating is used.…”

“…The histomorphometric effects of stapling in humans are poorly described. However the effects have been studied in pigs by Karbowski et al5, 6 Histologically they found deviation from the normal axial arrangement of the cell columns of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate. A finding which also has been demonstrated in biopsies from of stapled epiphyseal plates of children 1 year after surgery 7.…”

Morphological changes of the distal femur growth plate of rabbits under bilateral temporal block using non-locking plates and screws

“…Найбільший прояв структурних порушень зафіксовано через 7 тижнів після встановлення фіксаторів. У жодному випадку нами не виявлено формування кісткових містків, які відображують закриття НЗ і про наявність яких повідомляють дослідники в разі використання для двобічного блокування скоб [15,18,20]. Це також можна віднести до сприятливих ознак, які дають змогу сподіватися на відновлення функції НЗ після видалення фіксаторів.…”

“…Проте її території були меншими порівняно з контралатеральною кінцівкою, а розташування трабекул через 5 і 7 тижнів блокування -порушеним, із утворенням петлястої сітки грубоволокнистих кісткових трабекул. Це співпадає з результатами, отри-маними іншими авторами на моделі однобічного блокування НЗ у свиней із використанням скоб, і відображує затримку зростання кістки в довжину [15].…”