Histopathological Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Strains Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii Disease

Abstract

Sclerotinia infection of stem and leaf of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. caused by the fungal pathogen of Sclerotium rolfsii has recently become more important in the Indonesian soybean production area. This study aimed to evaluate the level of resistance and intensity of infection by S. rolfsii in four soybean strains. The research was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design. The observed variables include the anatomy characteristics of leaves and stems of soybean and disease intensity caused by S. rolfsii. The data were analyzed quantitatively with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% and 99% confidence level, followed by the Least Significant Difference Test (Fisher’s LSD) at the level of 5%. Soybean leaves and stem anatomy inoculated by S. rolfsii showed a decrease in the stomatal density, epidermis thickness, and mesophyll thickness as well as a damaged cuticle, damaged stem epidermis, and swollen stem cortex. Four strains inoculated by S. rolfsii showed a higher disease intensity of 40%-80% compared to the resistant cultivar ('Dering') and susceptible cultivar ('Wilis'), showing disease intensity of 20% and 40%, respectively.

Response of morphological, anatomical, and agronomic characteristics of soybean genotypes to Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus

“…Genotype MLGG 0379 had 59 stomata, and MLGG 0123 had 41 stomata on the leaf surface (Table 5). Other diseases include Sclerotium rolfsii's inoculation of soybean leaves, reduced stomatal density, and epidermal thickness (Samiyarsih et al 2022).…”

“…In addition to disrupting soybean productivity, CpMMV also affects soybean plant morphology. Based on research comparing the morphology of CpMMV-resistant soybean plants, differences appeared in morphological characteristics such as leaf length, leaf petiole length, leaf ratio, and leaf width (Nurrohman et al 2019;Oliveira et al 2020;Samiyarsih et al 2022), and agronomic characteristics (Salihu et al 2022). Soybean infection is observed seen by local necrotic indicators followed by systemic mosaic, light spotting, and necrosis of the leaves (Nazarov et al 2020;Sutrawati et al 2017;.…”