Histopathological evaluation of scalds and contact burns in the pig model

The steam laboratory of the Institut de M�decine Navale du Service de Sant� des Arm�es: a set of tools in the service of the French Navy

“…These studies have shown that pulmonary damage appeared more quickly and was more pronounced with a hot saturated air jet compared to a dry jet. Although several studies have been made on burns or scalds on the skin due to conductive or convective exposures (Brans et al 1994;Bull 1963;Lawrence and Bull 1976;Ripple et al 1990;Siekmann 1989Siekmann , 1990, we were unable to find any studies dealing with hot water steam injuries and skin damage. Different biological risks appear during accidental exposure to superheated water steam .…”

A Standardized Model of Partial Thickness Scald Burns in Mice

“…Experimental models of partial thickness burn injury have been established in a number of mammalian species, including large mammals, such as pigs [2,3] and dogs [4,5], and small mammals, including guinea pigs [7,8] and rats [17][18][19]. While pig models share close anatomical similarities with human skin, and scald injuries are reepithelialized within 14 -21 days [3], the large size and high cost of these animals make this model less desirable for initial wound healing studies.…”

“…While pig models share close anatomical similarities with human skin, and scald injuries are reepithelialized within 14 -21 days [3], the large size and high cost of these animals make this model less desirable for initial wound healing studies. Previous descriptions of smaller animal burn models required in excess of 16 -18 days for complete reepithelialization [6 -8], with rats requiring over 30 days in untreated wounds [17][18][19].…”

“…In 1947, Mortiz and Henriques [1] demonstrated the importance of water temperature and time of exposure in determining the depth of injury in a porcine scald wound model, and correlated this to human scald injury in healthy volunteers. More recent studies employing porcine partial thickness burn models have demonstrated that the time required for complete reepithelialization in untreated wounds was 9 -12 days in contact burns [2] and 14 -21 days in scald burns [3].…”

A new experimental burn model with an infrared heater

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] When defining present model, rats were selected because they are easily acquired, inexpensive, and easy to manipulate compared to larger animals. Due to need for only conventional infrared heater and rats, model offers genuinely low cost alternative for burn studies.…”