Histopathological effects of methomyl and crude extracts of Jatropha curcas against the terrestrial snail, Monacha obstructa (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae)

Abstract

Background The negative effect of over-reliance on the use of synthetic pesticides have led to the search for natural alternatives to pest control. This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity effect of the crude plant extracts of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linn.) seeds in comparison with methomyl on some histopathological changes of the terrestrial snail species Monacha obstructa (Pfeiffer, 1842). The toxicity effect of methomyl and crude extracts of ethanol and acetone extracts of Jatropha curcas seeds were determined on some histological changes of the land snail, Monacha obstructa at four concentrations using the contact technique under laboratory conditions. Results The results revealed that the crude extracts of Jatropha exhibited obvious adequate effects compared with methomyl against M. obstructa land snails. The highest toxicity effects were obtained by methomyl followed by the ethanolic extract of Jatropha and hexane extract of Jatropha. The histopathological effect of LC50 of Jatropha crude extract and methomyl on the digestive gland and foot tissues were examined in the land snails M. obstructa. The treated snails showed several histological changes in the digestive gland and foot compared with the control group snails. The histological examinations of the digestive tubules included destroyed and detached in the outer layer covering digestive tubules. In addition, marked increase in the width most of the digestive tubules lumen. The intertubular connective tissue between the digestive tubules showed great destruction, while the foot of treated snails showed rupture of the epithelium covering the foot and desquamation of the epithelium. We also observed the presence of areas of connective tissue necrosis and destruction of the muscular tissue. Conclusions It has been found that extracts of Jatropha seeds have a toxic activity that caused histopathological damage that led to the death of land snails, and thus it can be recommended as a source for the development of molluscicides. Graphical Abstract

Screening the Efficacy and Safety of Molluscicides from Three Leaf Extracts of Chimonanthus against the Invasive Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata

“…On the other hand, the study results showed that a median-lethal concentration of Pcp caused histological alterations in the hepatopancreas and foot of the P. canaliculata. The results are similar to those reported by several authors; Ibrahim et al [42] reported that when treated with an LC 50 of methomyl, after 24 h, the foot of the snail Monacha obstructa showed a rupture of the epithelium covering the foot and the presence of a darkbrown pigment within the epithelial covering and connective tissue. The hepatopancreas exhibited breakdown of the digestive tubules as well as vacuolization, and the number of large granules increased.…”

Toxicity test of jatropha leaf filtrate (Jatropha curcas L.) on mortality of golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

“…It contains saponins, steroids, alkaloids, phenol, flavonoid, tannins, (Ruma & Sanchez, 2016). Jatropha contain secondary metabolites such salicylic acid, thymol, y-terpinene, potent cytotoxic, molluscicidal (Devappa et al, 2012;Ibrahim et al, 2022;Mahalakshmi et al, 2013;Muniz et al, 2020). These compounds can affect the metabolism of cold-blooded animals such as mollusks.…”

Effect of Metaldehyde on Survival, Enzyme Activities, and Histopathology of the Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck 1822)

“…The histopathological changes in the gastropods of P. canaliculata were mainly characterized by epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis and a marked reduction in myofibers. The foot of Monacha obstructad ( Gastropoda : Hygromiidae ) snails treated with LC 50 of Jatropha showed rupture of the epithelium covering the foot, desquamation of the epithelium and presence of areas of connective tissue necrosis and destruction of the muscular tissue [ 57 ]. This is consistent with our observations.…”