Histopathological Effects of Exogenously Administered Testosterone in 19 Female to Male Transsexuals

Futterweit, Walter; Deligdisch, Liane

doi:10.1210/jcem-62-1-16

Cited by 176 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Pathological conditions in humans that cause hyperandrogenism, for example, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (38) and studies in transsexual women treated with high doses of testosterone (39,40,41,42) show conflicting outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome

Caanen

Kuijper

Hompes

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Little is known about the aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Some suggest that elevated maternal androgens during gestation play a causative role. This implies placental passage of androgens during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to compare androgen and estrogen concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy and in umbilical cord blood, between mothers with PCOS and their offspring compared to controls. Design: Prospective case-control study. Methods: Maternal blood samples were collected around 20 weeks of gestation and at delivery. Umbilical cord blood was also taken at delivery. Androgens (testosterone (T), androstenedione (ADION), dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA)) and estrogens (estrone (E 1 ), estradiol (E 2 ), estriol (E 3 )) were measured using the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Results: At 20 weeks of gestation: T (PZ0.019) and ADION (PZ0.034) were higher in the PCOS mothers (pregnant with a girl), whereas DHEA, E 1 , E 2 , and E 3 were not different. Maternal concentration at birth: T (PZ0.004) and ADION (PZ0.009) were also higher in the subgroup of PCOS mothers that were pregnant with a girl compared to the girl pregnancy controls. DHEA, E 1 , E 2 and E 3 were not different. In umbilical cord blood, no differences were found for T, ADION, DHEA, E 2 , E 3 , and AMH between the PCOS mothers and the controls respectively. E 1 was lower in girls from PCOS mothers (PZ0.007). Conclusions: Despite elevated maternal androgen concentrations during pregnancy in PCOS mothers, offspring showed no signs of elevated androgen concentrations in cord blood at birth using the latest highly specific LC-MS/MS methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome

Caanen

Kuijper

Hompes

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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show abstract

“…Serum levels of various androgens (testosterone, A 4 and DHEAS) and the enzyme 3b-HSD (required in the pathway to convert pro-androgens into bioactive androgens) are consistently elevated in PCOS patients compared with controls (Keefe et al 2014, Palomba et al 2014. High levels of androgen exposure caused by endogenous adrenal androgen hypersecretion in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (Lucis et al 1966, Hague et al 1990 or exogenous testosterone treatment in female-to-male trans-sexuals (Futterweit & Deligdisch 1986, Spinder et al 1989, Pache & Fauser 1993 induces the ovarian PCOS traits of enlarged, multi-cystic ovaries and theca interstitial hyperplasia, implicating androgens in the development of the PCOS ovarian phenotype. Furthermore, elevated androgen secretion in vitro by human theca interna cells excised from PCOS ovaries has been reported, with theca cells producing 20 times more A 4 than those from normal ovaries (Gilling-Smith et al 1994), with this feature persisting over the entire period of long-term culture (Nelson et al 1999).…”

Section: Insights Into the Role Of Ar-mediated Actions In Pcos From Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of androgens in normal and pathological ovarian function

Walters

2015

Reproduction

137

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Androgens mediate their actions via the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. AR-mediated androgen action is essential in male reproductive development and function; however, only in the last decade has the suspected but unproven role for AR-mediated actions in female reproduction been firmly established. Deciphering the specific roles and precise pathways by which AR-mediated actions regulate ovarian function has been hindered by confusion on how to interpret results from pharmacological studies using androgens that can be converted into oestrogens, which exert actions via the oestrogen receptors. The generation and analysis of global and cell-specific female Ar knockout mouse models have deduced a role for AR-mediated actions in regulating ovarian function, maintaining female fertility, and have begun to unravel the mechanisms by which AR-mediated androgen actions regulate follicle health, development and ovulation. Furthermore, observational findings from human studies and animal models provide substantial evidence to support a role for AR-mediated effects not only in normal ovarian function but also in the development of the frequent ovarian pathological disorder, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This review focuses on combining the findings from observational studies in humans, pharmacological studies and animal models to reveal the roles of AR-mediated actions in normal and pathological ovarian function. Together these findings will enable us to begin understanding the important roles of AR actions in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian ageing, as well as providing insights into the role of AR actions in the androgen-associated reproductive disorder PCOS.Reproduction (2015) 149 R193-R218

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“…Hyperandrogenemia came into scene while searching for a cause of both aberrant peripheral feedback and dysfunctional hypothalamus. The rises in androgen were both from ovary and adrenal glands, shifting the focus on ovarian pathology [11][12][13][14]. Some atribute the chronic anovulation to be the cause of hyperandrogenemia, and some authors say the other way.…”

Section: The Challenges For Pathophysiological Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Polycystic Ovarian Disease: The Rainbow Without Color (SPECTRUM)

Kiran¹,

Pandey²,

Agarwal³

2018

Debatable Topics in PCOS Patients

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Histopathological Effects of Exogenously Administered Testosterone in 19 Female to Male Transsexuals

Cited by 176 publications

References 17 publications

Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome

Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome

Role of androgens in normal and pathological ovarian function

Introductory Chapter: Polycystic Ovarian Disease: The Rainbow Without Color (SPECTRUM)

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