Histopathological changes in the gonads, liver, and kidney of Glossogobius giuris exposed to sub-lethal concentration of diazinon

Abstract

The organophosphorus insecticide, diazinon that is widely used in agricultural field and private industrial premises to control pests, easily accumulates in aquatic ecosystems and exerts toxic effects on aquatic animals. The study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity (LC50) of diazinon on Glossogobius giuris and histopathological alterations of its gonads, liver and kidney due to the effect of this insecticide. G. giuris were exposed to different concentrations of diazinon ranging from 0.00025 ppm to 2.048 ppm with parallel untreated control. At the doses of 0.0005 ppm, 0.001 ppm, 0.002 ppm, and 0.004 ppm 40%, 50%, 70%, and 90% mortality of G. giuris were observed within 96 hrs, respectively, whereas, 100% mortality was observed at doses above 0.008 ppm. Based on probit analysis, the LC50 value of diazinon for 96 hrs of exposure on G. giuris was found as 0.001 ppm. During the exposure trial several behavioral alterations including restlessness, sudden and quick movements, loss of equilibrium, increased opercular activities and paralysis were observed in the fish. The histopathological changes observed in the tissues of G. giuris indicate that sub lethal concentration as well as higher concentration caused moderate to severe alterations in the liver, kidney as well as gonads. Kidney was found to be the most seriously affected organ compared to gonads and liver. Major histopathological changes like fragmentation of testis and ovary with ruptured wall, karyolysis, hypertrophy, pyknosis and degenerative changes such as necrosis of tubular and haematopoietic cells of kidney, necrotic hepatocytes, pyknosis, hypertrophy, haemorrhage and vacuolation were observed in the liver cells. The present study demonstrated that diazinon is highly toxic especially to G. giuris and thus, indiscriminate use of this insecticide in the agriculture and industrial sectors should be strictly controlled.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 530-538, 2016

Histopathological and Biochemical Studies on the Acute Toxicity of Dimethoate on Nile Tilapia Fish

“…These abnormal behavioral alterations include loss of hunger and equilibrium, fast swimming, surfacing activity frequency, gulping of surface water, erratic and hysteric swimming, circling motion, convulsion, and remaining immobile on the aquarium bottom. Similar abnormal behavioral signs were described by, (Banik et al, 2016) who stated that exposure of Glossogobius giuris to sublethal diazinon concentration, showed such as anxiety, loss of control, increased working motions, surface to-bottom motion, unexpected rapid motion and bottom resting. In the present study, we noticed that mucous secretion increases considerably in the exposed fishes, and turbidity of the water of the test troughs increases gradually during continuous DM exposure.…”

“…According to (Neelima et al, 2015), fish exposed to cypermethrin liver exhibited hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory cell aggregation, dilatation, congestion in the blood sinusoid, and fibrosis. All fish treated with diazinon showed severe degenerative deviations, extensive necrosis, pyknosis of the nucleus, and vacuolation (Banik et al, 2016). In the current study, the kidney of the DM toxicity group displayed vacuolation in the tubular epithelium, shrinkage of the glomerulus, expansion of space inside Bowman's capsule, and mild dilation of the lumen of some epithelial tubules.…”

Sublethal Effects of Monocrotophos on Histological Architecture of Liver and Kidney of a Freshwater Fish, Anabas testudineus

“…This extensive intra-cellular vacuolization resulted in the displacement of the nucleus to the cell margin. Most of the scientists considered this vacuolation as the accumulation of fat in the hepatocytes (Sulekha and Mercy, 2021b;2022;Banik, 2016;Cengiz and Unlu, 2006). In the present study, the diet and other conditions were normal, the fishes were juveniles and therefore, the observed fatty livers must be considered as pathological due to pesticides.…”

Behavioural Responses of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Different Chemicals

“…The fishes exposed in experimental tanks without chemical (control aquaria) behaved normal. Changes in body colour have been reported in Anabas testudineus and Channa punctatus after exposure to diazinon, C. punctatus to glyphosate and red drum fish to atrazine (Sritbanditmongkol et al, 2012: Banik et al, 2017. Exposure of C.gariepinus to these chemicals, resulted in erratic swimming, abnormal posture, sluggishness, increase in surface activity, gradual loss of equilibrium and spreading of excess of mucus all over the surface of the body.…”