Histopathological and Molecular Evaluation of the Experimen-tally Infected Goats by the Larval Forms of Taenia multiceps

Amrabadi, Omidreza; Oryan, Ahmad; Moazeni, Mohammad; Sharifiyazdi, Hassan; Akbari, Maryam

doi:10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.722

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Despite the fact that granulomatous inflammation is one of the typical reaction patterns in coenurosis in both human and animal studies, none of the cases in the current study cohort demonstrated this tissue response ( 3 , 17 ). While three cases were HIV positive, the HIV status was unknown in the other three patients ( Table 1 ) and thus, the absence of granulomatous inflammation may have been due to intact coenuri or impaired T-cell mediated responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Clinicopathological Review of Human Coenurosis in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: A Retrospective Single Center Study

Nhlonzi¹,

Mwazha²

2022

IJPA

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Background: To describe the clinicopathological features of human coenurosis diagnosed at a single center in an academic Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods: This was a 10-year retrospective laboratory based study, from 2011-2020, which reappraised the clinical presentation, histomorphological tissue reaction patterns and outcomes in patients diagnosed with coenurosis. Results: Five cases of coenurosis and 19 cases of cysticercosis were diagnosed during the study period. Following re-appraisal of the slides, 6 cases of coenurosis were confirmed and included in the study cohort. The anatomical distribution of disease was as follows: brain (1), liver (1), eye (1) and soft tissue (3). There were 3 males and 3 females and the patients’ age ranged from 2 to 46 (mean 22.2) yr. Three patients were HIV positive whilst the clinical history of the infection was not available for the other 3 patients. All patients presented with mass effect related symptoms, ranging from headache to a painful soft tissue swelling. Two cases displayed synovial metaplasia in addition to characteristic chronic subacute inflammation and fibrosis. One case had supportive inflammation. Two cases comprised of coenuri exclusively and therefore it was not possible to assess tissue reaction. Conclusion: We describe the first cases of human coenurosis in HIV positive patients and for the first time report synovial metaplasia as one of the reaction patterns of coenurosis. Whenever cysticercosis and hydatidosis are considered clinically, a negative serology should prompt clinicians to consider coenurosis in addition to the neoplastic diagnostic considerations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Clinicopathological Review of Human Coenurosis in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: A Retrospective Single Center Study

Nhlonzi¹,

Mwazha²

2022

IJPA

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“…In the small intestine of an intermediate host, the oncosphere hatches from an egg and travels through the intestinal wall, primarily reaching the CNS via the bloodstream, where it encysts and matures over several months into an infective coenurus [ 1 , 25 ]. The metacestode may also develop and mature in subcutaneous, intramuscular tissues and peritoneal areas as well as in organs such as the heart and lungs of sheep and goats [ 8 , 26 – 32 ]. The oncosphere develops in the following stages: on day 8–10 post-infection (PI), it reaches the CNS and then migrates actively in the CNS from day 10 to 33 to reach its final destination; on day 40, it turns into a pyriform vesicle with just visible scoleces; after 2 months, it is the size of a cherry.…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study carried out by Varcasia [ 28 ], molecular comparison of coenuri collected from infected goats in the United Arab Emirates with coenuri collected from sheep (Italy) and cattle (Turkey) showed that the specimens were not significantly different from each other, and that they should be considered different genotypes or strains of T. multiceps rather than individual species [ 28 ]. More recently, molecular evaluation of cerebral and non-cerebral coenuri from sheep and goats established that the larval stage of Taenia multiceps in the brain and other aberrant sites is a monophyletic species, therefore Taenia gaigeri in goats and Taenia skrjabini in sheep are not taxonomically valid [ 32 , 82 ].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Taenia multiceps coenurosis: a review

et al. 2022

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Taenia multiceps is a taeniid cestode that inhabits the small intestines of both wild and domestic carnivores. The larval stage, Coenurus cerebralis, is typically found in the central nervous system (CNS) of a wide range of livestock and, to a lesser extent, in the extra-cerebral tissues of sheep and goats. This review covers all aspects of the life cycle of T. multiceps and its epidemiology, molecular characterization, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, control and zoonotic potential. Coenurosis caused by the larval stage of T. multiceps has a worldwide distribution and is often fatal in intermediate hosts, which can result in substantial economic losses in livestock farming. Molecular characterization using the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 of different T. multiceps populations has revealed significant genetic variation and the presence of three major haplotypes. The disease mostly affects young sheep and is referred to as either acute or chronic coenurosis. Acute coenurosis occurs as a result of oncospheres migrating through the CNS, while chronic coenurosis occurs as a consequence of the coenurus maturing, which causes displacement and pressure atrophy of brain tissue. Non-cerebral coenurosis has been most commonly reported in goats. The best diagnostic method for cerebral coenurosis involves the interpretation of clinical signs with accurate localization of the cyst using diagnostic imaging techniques. A vaccine based on recombinant oncosphere antigens has proved to be an effective tool against T. multiceps infection in sheep. Additionally, use of anthelmintics during the parasite’s migration stages reduces the development of cysts in the sheep brain. Surgery is considered the most effective method for the treatment of cerebral coenurosis in small ruminants, but is often not carried out because of the limited finances of many sheep and goat breeders. However, coenurosis can also be controlled effectively through preventative measures, such as anthelmintic treatment of dogs and the proper disposal of intermediate host carcasses. The parasite is also zoonotic, and cases of coenurosis have been reported in humans with coenuri located in the brain, spinal cord and eyes. Graphical abstract

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“…Clinicopathological examinations are not used in the diagnosis of animals, and serological tests are not sufficiently specific to be of value [ 8 ]. Although postmortem findings on the cysts remain the gold standard test, molecular characterization of naturally and experimentally infected sheep and goats by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay shows a true positivity at 100% [ 9 - 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular confirmation of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors in Iraq

2021

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Background and Aim: Coenurus cerebralis is the intermediate stage of the canine cestode, which infect sheep and goats, resulting mainly in neurological signs and causing direct and indirect economic losses. This study aimed to demonstrate the existence of C. cerebralis and to elucidate the role of this parasite in inducing neurological behaviors in sheep and goats. Materials and Methods: On the basis of historical data on neurological signs, we subjected 76 animals (49 sheep and 27 goats) of different ages, sexes, and geographical areas for molecular examination of their blood samples using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: Of the 76 animals, 23.68% tested positive for C. cerebralis infection. We found significant increases in infection (p<0.05) in sheep (26.53%) more than in goats (18.52%). Circling movement was prevalent significantly among both C. cerebralis-positive sheep and goats. The Nineveh region had a significant (p<0.05) increase in positive sheep and goats, and the sheep of all study regions were infected significantly (p<0.05) more than were the goats. We found no significant (p>0.05) variation between sheep ages ≥1-3 years and ≥3 years; however, both groups had a significantly (p≤0.043) higher positivity rate than did sheep ages <1 year. The findings of sheep ages <1 year and ≥1-3 years were significantly higher than those of the goats, but not for goats ages ≥3 years. Female sheep and goats showed a significant increase in positivity versus that for the males. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report in Iraq targeting detection of C. cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors; therefore, additional studies involving different animals in other regions using molecular techniques are needed.

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Histopathological and Molecular Evaluation of the Experimen-tally Infected Goats by the Larval Forms of Taenia multiceps

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Clinicopathological Review of Human Coenurosis in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: A Retrospective Single Center Study

Clinicopathological Review of Human Coenurosis in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: A Retrospective Single Center Study

Taenia multiceps coenurosis: a review

First molecular confirmation of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors in Iraq

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