Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the brain in the acute and chronic phases of experimental trypanosomiasis cruzi in dogs

Pittella, José Eymard Homem; Meneguette, Cícero; Bambirra, Eduardo Alves

doi:10.1080/00034983.1990.11812517

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In other experimental models of chagasic infection using different T. cruzi strains, mice strains, or other species, pathological alterations in the CNS were essentially observed during the acute phase (13,11). Conversely, BALB/c mice acutely infected with T. cruzi CL strain did not present parasitism (34) or inflammatory infiltrates within the CNS, despite their intense presence in peripheral nerves and autonomous ganglia (H. Lenzi, personal communication).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this regard, similar to humans, dogs (10) and mice (11) develop encephalitis during acute infection, presenting random distribution and nodular arrangement of inflammatory mononuclear cells. In this stage, amastigote forms and parasite antigens were detected in neurons, glia, and microglia in both humans and experimental animals (12,13). The involvement of the immune system in the genesis of neural lesions was proposed on the basis of the existence of peripheral lymphocytes and antibodies specific for nervous system components in infected animals (14,15), but a correlation between the presence of parasite antigens and inflammatory infiltrates within the central nervous system (CNS) has not been attempted so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chagas' Disease Encephalitis: Intense CD8+ Lymphocytic Infiltrate Is Restricted to the Acute Phase, but Is Not Related to the Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens

Silva

Roffê

Marino

et al. 1999

Clinical Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chagas' Disease Encephalitis: Intense CD8+ Lymphocytic Infiltrate Is Restricted to the Acute Phase, but Is Not Related to the Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens

Silva

Roffê

Marino

et al. 1999

Clinical Immunology

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“…By this method parasites were readily detected in sections of tissues from 10 randomly selected seropositive dogs, whereas in Giemsa-stained sections it was possible to detect the parasites in only 70-80% of these animals. Using the same immunohistochemical staining, TAFURI et al 34 detected small numbers of amastigotes in the tissue of dogs with CVL in Minas Gerais State, south-eastern Brazil, and the same method has been used to detect other parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi 6,26 , Toxoplasma gondii 7,22 and Leishmania (L.) donovani 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in Amazonian Brazil: comparison of the parasite density from the skin, lymph node and visceral tissues between symptomatic and asymptomatic, seropositive dogs

Lima

Carneiro

Campos

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is recognizable by characteristic signs of disease and is highly lethal. The infection, however, may be quite inapparent in some seropositive dogs, and this has raised the polemic question as to whether or not such animals can be a source of infection for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). In this study we have examined 51 dogs with acute CVL from an AVL area in Pará State, northern Brazil, and compared the parasite density, amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi, in the skin, lymph node and viscera of symptomatic with that of nine asymptomatic but seropositive dogs (IFAT-IgG). Post-mortem biopsy fragments of these tissues were processed by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody against Leishmania sp. The X² and Mann Whitney tests were used to evaluate the means of infected macrophage density (p < 0.05). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the skin (10.7/mm² x 15.5/mm²) and lymph node (6.3/mm² x 8.3/mm²), between asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs, respectively. It was higher (p < 0.05), however, in the viscera of symptomatic (5.3/mm²) than it was in asymptomatic (1.4/mm²) dogs. These results strongly suggest that asymptomatic or symptomatic L. (L.) i. chagasi-infected dogs can serve as a source of infection, principally considering the highest (p < 0.05) parasite density from skin (10.7/mm² x 15.5/mm²), the place where the vetor L. longipalpis takes its blood meal, compared with those from lymph node (6.3/mm² x 8.3/mm²) and viscera (1.4/mm²x 5.3/mm²).

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“…Each rat was infected with 1.0 ml diluted blood with ≥5 (10) trypomastigotes per field [21]. These rats were anaesthetised with chloroform when the parasitaemia was observed to have reached a peak (≥2×10 2 trypomastigotes per field), as observed under the microscope [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the rats anaesthetised for histopathological examination were subjected to a complete autopsy [22]. Observations on specific target organs such as liver, lungs, kidneys and heart, as well as abnormal spleen were noted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anti-protozoal drugs and histopathological studies on trypanosome species

Ogunbanwo

Agbonlahor

Adamu

et al. 2001

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

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The trypanosomostatic and trypanosomicidal effects of four anti-protozoal drugs, namely halofantrine hydrochloride, chloroquine phosphate, benzoylmetronidazole and pyrimethamine, on species of trypanosomes, viz. Trypanosoma brucei brucei (MBOS/NG/94/NITR) Bassa strain, T. congolense (MBOS/NG/93/NVRI) Zaria strain and T. brucei gambiense (MHOM/NG/92/NITR) Abraka strain, were investigated. In vitro and in vivo studies on these drugs vis-a-vis the parasites were carried out. The histopathological changes in organs and tissues of experimentally infected rats were also studied. Results from the in vitro studies indicated that halofantrine hydrochloride, chloroquine phosphate, benzoylmetronidazole and pyrimethamine appeared to be effective trypanosomicidal agents against T. brucei brucei (Bassa strain), T. congolense (Zaria strain) and T. brucei gambiense (Abraka strain). The in vivo studies showed that these drugs were sub-curative by prolonging the survival period of the trypanosome-infected rats, but not necessarily curing the infection. Histopathological findings indicated inflammatory reactions characterised by infiltration to variable degrees in the majority of tissues, mostly in the lungs and liver. The most consistent lesions were interstitial pneumonia, multifocal necrosis and oedema. Pathological findings showed the T. brucei brucei and T. brucei gambiense strains studied to be both intravascular and extravascular parasites. These results suggest that halofantrine hydrochloride, chloroquine phosphate, benzoylmetronidazole and pyrimethamine could be used as supportive, suppressive and/or synergistic/additive drugs in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis. Their effects on species of trypanosomes have been studied and are reported for the first time.

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Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the brain in the acute and chronic phases of experimental trypanosomiasis cruzi in dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Chagas' Disease Encephalitis: Intense CD8+ Lymphocytic Infiltrate Is Restricted to the Acute Phase, but Is Not Related to the Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens

Chagas' Disease Encephalitis: Intense CD8+ Lymphocytic Infiltrate Is Restricted to the Acute Phase, but Is Not Related to the Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens

Canine visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in Amazonian Brazil: comparison of the parasite density from the skin, lymph node and visceral tissues between symptomatic and asymptomatic, seropositive dogs

Effects of anti-protozoal drugs and histopathological studies on trypanosome species

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