Histopathological and haematological response of male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to butachlor

Abstract

This study was aimed at assessing the histopathological and haematological effects of a widely used herbicide on rice paddy fields, i.e. butachlor, on rainbow trout. Fish were exposed to butachlor at a concentration of 0.39 mg/l, for a period of 10 days. Haematologically, fish showed a significant decrease in erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, white blood cells and lymphocytes and a significant increase in neutrophils compared to controls (P < 0.05). Histopathological observations of prepared sections of the treatment group also revealed pathological lesions of varying severity in studied organs, including liver (hyperaemia and haemorrhage, bile duct hyperplasia, dilated sinuses, interstitial oedema, monocellular necrosis, nuclear degeneration and hypertrophy in hepatocytes), gills (hyperplasia and hyperplasia of lamellar epithelium, fusion of lamellae, rod-like structures of secondary gill lamellae, cystic-like lesions) and kidneys (vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium, desquamation of epithelium and necrosis of tubular epithelium). It is concluded that butachlor caused changes in certain haematological parameters and histopathologically, exerted destructive effects on the gills, liver and kidneys of rainbow trout.

Effect of repeated oral administration of butachlor and lead alone and in combination on oxidative stress and histopathology in Wistar rats

“…Group III animals administered with lead acetate @265ppm exhibited mild congestion with tubular degeneration (Plate 9). Kidney section of rats of group IV co-administered with butachlor @262mg/kg and lead acetate @265ppm showed moderate degeneration of epithelial cells of PCT, hypercellularity of glomeruli, and presence of intra tubular hyaline cast (Plate 10) which is in agreement with findings of Ahmadivand et al, 2014 [1] with a similar study on the histopathological response of male trout subjected to butachlor. These findings may be attributed to the fact that kidneys are the main organs responsible for excretion and also due to residual accumulation of pesticide in the kidney tissue as mentioned by California EPA (2001a) [8] .…”

“…[3] in deltamethrin and cypermethrin treated rats respectively. [Table 06] [1] with a similar study on the histopathological response of male trout subjected to butachlor. These changes may be due to the organ responsible for detoxification of the pesticide which receives massive amounts of metabolites and also due to residual accumulation of it as mentioned by Black et al, 1994 [7] who mentioned that chlorfenapyr acquires insecticidal properties after metabolic activation which functions as un-coupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.…”

Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver, kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri

“…; Ahmadivand et al . ). However, according to Camargo & Martinez , to some extent, such changes can be explained as an organism defence response, when the distance between the blood circulatory system and the external environment increases due to the occurrence of a stress‐inducing substance.…”

“…Particularly worrying are the structural changes observed at the highest KYNA concentration (250 mg kg À1 ), including fusion or disappearance of gill lamellae. Comparable changes have been documented in the case of pesticides, heavy metals, chitosan or in fish living in urban water (Bullock et al 2000;Camargo & Martinez 2007;Boran et al 2012;Ahmadivand et al 2014). However, according to Camargo & Martinez 2007, to some extent, such changes can be explained as an organism defence response, when the distance between the blood circulatory system and the external environment increases due to the occurrence of a stress-inducing substance.…”

Genotoxic and Histopathological Effects of Chlorpyrifos on African Catfish, C. gariepinus and Ameliorative Potentials of Ackee Apple, blighia sapida Seed

“…Histopathological examination is a sensitive procedure for assessing cellular impairment in the organ of an animal following their expose to xenobiotics (Ayoola and Ajani, 2008). Fish exposed to pollutants have been reported to display various pathological conditions in different organs such as liver, kidney and gill after their exposure to toxicants (Ahmadivand et al, 2014). The gill of fish is capable of absorbing toxicants with the gill filaments and lamellae being the most important site of the action of xenobiotics in the gill.…”