Histopathological and Biochemical Biomarker Response of Mussel, Unio Pictorum, to Carbamate Pesticide Carbaryl: A Laboratory Study

Khudhur, Shelan Mustafa; Shekha, Yahya Ahmed

doi:10.18805/ijar.b-1157

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Destructive reactions at the expense of gill tissue morphology and functions, such as vacuolation, lamellar fusion, and loss of epithelial morphology, were already reported by several authors in bivalve molluscs, as common reactions to pollutant exposure (Khudhur et al, 2019;Joshy et al, 2022;Khan et al, 2018). The influence of ASA concentration on these modifications has followed a constantly increasing trend during our study.…”

Section: Organsupporting

confidence: 79%

Toxicological Evaluation of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Non-Target Organisms: Chronic Exposure on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)

et al. 2022

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Pharmaceuticals are now considered to be established contaminants, and their presence in water poses a real risk not only to the marine ecosystem, as they may adversely affect non-target organisms that are exposed to them, but also indirectly to humans. This is particularly true for the model organism considered in this work, Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819), a suspensivore and bioaccumulating organism that enters the human food chain. Among the most commonly used over-the-counter medicines, anti-inflammatory drugs certainly feature prominently, with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at the top. In this work, M. galloprovincialis specimens were exposed to two concentrations of ASA (10 and 100 μg/L) for 10 and 20 days to evaluate possible alterations in the decrease in regulatory volume (RVD) in digestive gland cells and cell viability of both these cells and hemocytes. In addition, the histopathological condition index of the gills and digestive gland was evaluated. The data obtained showed that chronic exposure to ASA did not alter the cell viability of hemocytes and digestive gland cells but alters the physiological mechanisms of volume regulation in the digestive gland and, in addition, a time-dose reaction to ASA in the gills and digestive gland showing numerous alterations such as lipofuscin deposits and hemocyte infiltration was found. These results confirm the potential toxicity to the marine biota, highlighting the necessity to deepen the knowledge regarding the link between over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and non-target organisms.

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Section: Organsupporting

confidence: 79%

Toxicological Evaluation of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Non-Target Organisms: Chronic Exposure on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)

et al. 2022

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“…This increase in CAT activity in the gill's aids in the pesticide's detoxification 37 . Our results come to agree with those of 38 (3). Among the several aldehydes and ketones that are produced when monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are per-oxidized is MDA.…”

Section: Table 3 Mortality Percentage Of Unio Tigridissupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Lipid peroxidation rises as a result of oxidative damage that tissue or cell is unable to prevent, as indicated by a rise in MDA levels 39 . Our results come to agree with that of 38 .…”

Section: Table 3 Mortality Percentage Of Unio Tigridissupporting

confidence: 91%

Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos on the Freshwater Bivalves (Unio Tigridis) and Effects on Bioindicators

Hanna

Shekha

2023

Baghdad Sci.J

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A freshwater bivalve plays a crucial function in aquatic habitats as the filtered water and burrowing mussels mix the sediment, thus increasing oxygen content and making the ecosystem healthier. The aim of the study is to see how chlorpyrifos affects biochemical markers in freshwater mussel Unio tigridis. About 180 individuals per taxon and water samples were collected from the Qandil water resource on the Greater Zab River, Erbil Province, Iraq. Once arrived at the lab, the individuals were kept in aquaria with river water and an air-conditioned room Temperature: 25±2 and Light: 12h/12h and acclimatized to laboratory conditions for seven days in aged tap water. The mussel's identification molecularly and the DNA sequence of the mussel includes U. tigridis supplied gene bank accession number ON872361, ON872362, ON872363, and ON872364 nucleotide sequencing. The 96-h toxicity of chlorpyrifos pesticide in the freshwater mussel U. tigridis was investigated using various nominal concentrations, including 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. The water quality of the river and aquaria was tested for physicochemical parameters including water temperature, the potential of hydrogen ion pH, electrical conductivity EC, and total dissolved solids TDS, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium ion, magnesium ion. Water quality results of aquaria revealed that most tested variables were favorable for the breeding of mussels. The mortality of the mussels was observed daily and the 96 h LC50 value for mussels was 157.99 ppm. Within the tissue of the gills, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The chlorpyrifos exposures caused significant increases in GST, CAT, and MDA. The elevation of oxidative stress biomarkers was inversely related to the AChE inhibition in the examined species. In conclusion water pollution by chlorpyrifos lead to unsafe condition for aquatic taxa.

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“…Structural changes and proliferate lesions of gills in Salmo trutta, Oncorhychus mykiss, was observed [32] when exposed to sewage plant effluents. When exposed to pesticides, fusion of gill lamellae in Lamellidens marginalis [33], gill epithelium lining and disruption in Lamellidens marginalis [34], gill exibits reducing space between channels, tissue swelling in Lamellidens marginalis [35], vacuolation, epithelial alterations in Mytilus galloprovincialis [36], damaged epithelium, cilia, epithelium ruptured in gill of Unio pictorum [37], elongated gill filament, gill epithelium ruptured with damaged ciliary lining in Lamellidens marginalis [38] were observed and when exposed to microplastics, epithelial alterations, necrosis were observed in Mytilus spp. [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology of the Foot, Gill and Digestive Gland Tissues of Freshwater Mussel, Lamellidens marginalis Exposed to Oil Effluent

Balamurugan¹,

Subramanian²

2021

austinjenvirontoxicol

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We investigated the histopathological alterations in the tissues of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis in response to oil effluent. Based on the previous acute toxicity, two sub lethal [1/4th (11.88ppt) and 1/10th (8.55ppt)] concentrations of oil effluent (hydrocarbon) were prepared and exposed to mussels. In a first series of experiment, animals were exposed/accumulated for 30 days [Ist, 8th, 15th, 22nd and 30th days] by two sub lethal concentrations of oil. In a second series of experiment, oil exposed animals were thereafter transferred to clean water and kept in it up to 30 days [Ist, 8th, 15th, 22nd and 30th days] to assess the recovery pattern (depuration). At seven-day intervals, histopathological alterations were analyzed in foot, gill and digestive gland tissues of mussel. First series of experimental observation showed remarkable damages in foot (disorganized outer epithelium, necrosis of the cell, the formation of lumina, disorganized muscle bundle); in gill (disruption of gill filaments, odema formation, necrosis, dis-aggregated cilia) and in digestive gland (stoma, detached glandular epithelium, vertical clefts, presence of leucocytes, dense accumulation of luminal material) and also oil effluent inducement are confirmed with the aforementioned results. At second series of experiment, it was found that oil effluent tended to accumulate in tissues in a duration-dose-dependent manner. Tissue burden by oil effluent of mussels completely were restored at 30th day. The present experimental findings may be of early warning signals of oil effluent pollution. In conclusion oil effluent are highly toxic to the Lamellidens marginalis.

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Histopathological and Biochemical Biomarker Response of Mussel, Unio Pictorum, to Carbamate Pesticide Carbaryl: A Laboratory Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Toxicological Evaluation of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Non-Target Organisms: Chronic Exposure on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)

Toxicological Evaluation of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Non-Target Organisms: Chronic Exposure on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)

Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos on the Freshwater Bivalves (Unio Tigridis) and Effects on Bioindicators

Histopathology of the Foot, Gill and Digestive Gland Tissues of Freshwater Mussel, Lamellidens marginalis Exposed to Oil Effluent

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