Histopathological and biochemical aspects of grafted and non-grafted cucumber infected with stem rot caused by Fusarium spp.

Sabry, Soha; Ali, Ahmed Z.; Abdel-Kader, Dawlat; Abou-Zaid, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.053

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…After 4 days (27 November), the seeds of the wax gourd used as scions were soaked for 12 h and then sown in trays after visible germination. Grafted Wax gourd (GW) and Self-Grafted Wax gourd (SW) were obtained using the grafting method when the scions grow to two flat cotyledons, and the first true leaf of the rootstock forms a fusiform shape ( Sabry et al., 2022 ). When the plants had grown two leaves, they were moved to the Cultivation System Research Laboratory of the Agricultural Science Building, Hainan University for seedling experiments on 13 December 2022.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical mechanisms preventing wilting under grafting: a case study on pumpkin rootstock grafting to wax gourd

Fu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Wax gourd wilt is a devastating fungal disease caused by a specialized form of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. benincasae (FOB), which severely restricts the development of the wax gourd industry. Resistant rootstock pumpkin grafting is often used to prevent and control wax gourd wilt. The “Haizhan 1” pumpkin has the characteristic of high resistance to wilt, but the mechanism through which grafted pumpkin rootstock plants acquire resistance to wax gourd wilt is still poorly understood. In this study, grafted wax gourd (GW) and self-grafted wax gourd (SW) were cultured at three concentrations [2.8 × 106 Colony Forming Units (CFU)·g−1, 8.0 × 105 CFU·g−1, and 4.0 × 105 CFU·g−1, expressed by H, M, and L]. Three culture times (6 dpi, 10 dpi, and 13 dpi) were used to observe the incidence of wilt disease in the wax gourd and the number of F. oxysporum spores in different parts of the soil and plants. Moreover, the physiological indices of the roots of plants at 5 dpi, 9 dpi, and 12 dpi in soil supplemented with M (8.0 × 105 CFU·g−1) were determined. No wilt symptoms in GW. Wilt symptoms in SW were exacerbated by the amount of FOB in the inoculated soil and culture time. At any culture time, the amount of FOB in the GW soil under the three treatments was greater than that in the roots. However, for the SW treatments, at 10 dpi and 13 dpi, the amount of FOB in the soil was lower than that in the roots. The total phenol (TP) and lignin (LIG) contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chitinase (CHI) activities were significantly increased in the GWM roots. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) initially decreased but then increased in the GWM roots. When the TP content decreased significantly, the LIG content and PAL and CHI activities increased initially but then decreased, whereas the PPO and POD activities did not change significantly in the SWM roots. The results indicated that the roots of the “Haizhan 1” pumpkin stock plants initiated a self-defense response after being infected with FOB, and the activities of PPO, POD, PAL, and CHI increased, and additional LIG and TP accumulated, which could effectively prevent FOB infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical mechanisms preventing wilting under grafting: a case study on pumpkin rootstock grafting to wax gourd

Fu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The pathogens and biocontrol fungi were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 25°C under dark conditions for 5 days. The microconidia suspension of the pathogens and biocontrol fungi used in greenhouse experiments was prepared as described by Sabry et al (2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol fungi induced stem-base rot disease resistance of Morinda officinalis How revealed by transcriptome analysis

Chen,

Han,

Che

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionMorinda officinalis How (MO) is a Rubiaceae plant, and its medicinal part is dried root, which is one of the “Four Southern Medicines” in China. At present, the plant MO breed seedlings mainly by cutting methods. Long-term asexual propagation makes pathogenic fungi accumulate in MO, leading to stem-base rot, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fon).MethodsIn this study, we used Trichoderma harzianum and Pestalotiopsis sp. as biocontrol fungi to investigate their antagonistic ability to Fon through in vitro antagonism and pot experiments, and combined with transcriptome sequencing to explore the mechanism of biocontrol.ResultsThe results showed that both Trichoderma harzianum and Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit the growth of Fon. In addition, Trichoderma harzianum and Pestalotiopsis sp. could also enhance the basic immunity to Fon by increasing the activities of defensive enzymes such as POD and SOD, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, and oligosaccharide content of MO. The mechanism of biological control of stem-base rot of MO was discussed by transcriptome technology. MO was treated with two treatments, root irrigation with biocontrol fungi or inoculation with Fon after root irrigation with biocontrol fungi. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that nearly 11,188 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the process of inducing MO systemic resistance to Fon by biocontrol fungi. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, as well as transcription factor (TFs) prediction showed that there were significant differences in the expression levels of MO roots under different treatments. Also, the genes of the “MAPK signaling pathway” and “plant hormone signaling pathway” were analyzed, in which the ERFs gene of the ethylene signal transduction pathway participated in the metabolism of glycosyl compounds. It is speculated that the ethylene signal may participate in the immune response of the sugar signal to the infection of Fon. After qRT-PCR verification of 10 DEGs related to the ethylene signal transduction pathway, the expression trend is consistent with the results of transcriptome sequencing, which proves the reliability of transcriptome sequencing.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study preliminarily identified the molecular mechanism of the biological control of MO stem-base rot and provided a scientific basis for further research on the prevention and control mechanism of MO stem-base rot.

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Potential impacts of Ascophyllum nodosum, Arthrospira platensis extracts and calcium phosphite as therapeutic nutrients for enhancing immune response in pepper plant against Fusarium wilt disease

Attia

Elsayed

Abdelaziz

et al. 2023

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The search for active inducers against diseases in the formula of therapeutic nutrients has become a necessity for many researchers. The study’s chief purpose was to make agronomic farming simpler by applying newly created therapeutic nutrients. The novelty of this research is the applied of algal extracts in adding to minerals as therapeutic nutrion. Calcium (Maxifos Ca), Ascophyllum nodosum (Greencal), and Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis), were tested for induction pepper plant resistance against Fusarium wilt. The disease index (DI), morphological growth, photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total phenol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes as reactions to the induction of protection in challenged tested plants were measured. Results revealed that the use of entirely different treatments significantly minimized the danger of Fusarium wilt. Treatment of infected plants with Maxifos Ca was the best treatment, as it reduced the DI to 25% and thus reduced symptoms and improved the percentage of plant protection from the disease by 69.6%. Surprisingly, it was widely assumed that Greencal was the greatest treatment for restoring vegetative growth, followed by Maxifos Ca and an algal extract, A. platensis. The application of Greencal, followed by Maxifos Ca, and then A. platensis significantly increased the expression of all metabolic resistance indices (phenols, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase). The best treatments for reducing the signs of stress represented in (MDA and H2O2) were Maxifos Ca and then Greencal. According to the findings the use of Maxifos Ca, Greencal, and A. platensis as alternate therapeutic nutrients of eco-destructive chemically synthesized fungicides appears to be a significant methodology for reducing the harmful effects of Fusarium wilt on pepper plants.

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Histopathological and biochemical aspects of grafted and non-grafted cucumber infected with stem rot caused by Fusarium spp.

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Biochemical mechanisms preventing wilting under grafting: a case study on pumpkin rootstock grafting to wax gourd

Biochemical mechanisms preventing wilting under grafting: a case study on pumpkin rootstock grafting to wax gourd

Biocontrol fungi induced stem-base rot disease resistance of Morinda officinalis How revealed by transcriptome analysis

Potential impacts of Ascophyllum nodosum, Arthrospira platensis extracts and calcium phosphite as therapeutic nutrients for enhancing immune response in pepper plant against Fusarium wilt disease

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