Histopathologic effects of endotoxin injected into rabbit oral mucosa

Single intramucosal injectins of ferritin‐antiferritin into the palate adjacent to the 1st molar produced a dense neutrophil infiltration within perivscular tissue adjacent to the palatal bone. Neutrophil degranulatin related to the phagocytosisi of antigen‐antibody (Ag‐Ab) precipitates occurred during the 1st 24 hours post injection. Rapidly developing bone damage was characterized by periosteal disruption, osteoblast and osteocyte necrosis and occasional swquestration of necrotic bone. Cytoplasmic changes such as dilated endowere observed inosteoblasts within 2 hrs of Ag‐Ab injection. Wound healing with regeneraionof periosteal tissue at the margins of the lesion was observed to begin at 4 days post injection. New bone was formed directly over the older necrotic bone without any intervening bone resorption. Extracellular matrix vesicles were observed adjacent ot newly differentiated bone cells.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural studies of infalmmation induced in rats by injection of antigen‐antibody precipitates

Garant

1979

“…Endotoxin can penetrate the healthy functional epithelium (Schwartz, Stinson &Parker 1972, andRaney &Montgomery 1973) as well as the injured epithelium (Rizzo 1968, Rizzo 3970) and can cause inflammation when introduced locally into the oral mucosa of the rabbit (Rizzo & Mergenhagen 1964). Furthermore, endotoxin present in oral bacteria is capable of inducing an inflammatory response by activating the complement system (alternative pathway) and releasing biologically active mediators on inflammation (Snyderman 3973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total viable count and differential count of vibrio (campylobacter) sputorum, fusobacterium nucleatum, selenomonas sputigena, bacteroides ochraceus and veillonella in the inflamed and non inflamed human gingival crevice

Helderman

1975

106

From 3 groups of individuals with non inflamed, slightly inflamed or moderately inflamed gingiva 3 to 4 paperpoint samples were taken from different buccal gingival crevices in each individual. Samples were cultivated on a modified CBRCA medium which permitted the differential count of five groups of gram‐negative anaerobes. The total count per volume units was 9‐times higher in moderately inflamed than in non inflamed crevices. A significant increase in the proportion of Vibrio (Campylobacter) sputorum and Fusobacterium nucleatum occurred with inceasing gingival index score. Bacteroides ochraceus and Selenomonas sputigena, though present in low numbers also increased slightly. The proportion of Veillonella seemed independent of gingival index score. This added up to a significant increase in the proportion of cultivable gram‐negative organisms with increasing gingival index score.

“…Introduction j^^^.^^ nttmber of toxic and other host reac-Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cell wall tive properties, collectively described as enof Gratn-negative bacteria are macromole-dotoxjc. ctilar strtictures contaitiing polysaccbaride, LPS are released both from autolyzing phospholipid and stnall quanitittes of protein, bacterial cells antl from live orgatiisms as These tnacromolectilar cotnplexes incorpo-well (Cmtchley et al 1967, Fraok & Houver 1969, Most likely, such release takes place into the plaque matrix (Mergenhagen et al, 1961, Berglund et al 1969, Selvig et al, 1971, Endotoxic activity of human gingival exudate has also been demonstrated (Simon et al, 1969), Gingival tissue is highly susceptible to endotoxin derived from plaque bacteria (Rizzo & Mergenhagen 1964, Taichman & Courant 1965, and endotoxic LPS has, therefore, been discussed as a possible pathogenetic factor in periodontal disease (Mergenhagen et al 1961, Scherp 1962, Rizzo & Mergenhagen 1964, Gustafson et al, 1966, Rizzo 1968, Selvig et al, 1971, Schwartz et al, 1972, Simon et al, 1972. In addition, endotoxin may have etiological significance in the resorption of bone (Rizzo & Mergenhagen 1964, Hausmann et al, 1972,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The capacity of lipopolysaccharides from bacteroides, fusobacterium and veillonella to produce skin inflammation and the local and generalized Shwartzman reaction in rabbits

Svéen

1977

103

Purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from strains of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Veillonella were tested for endotoxic activity, utilizing the primary skin reaction and the Shwartzmam phenomena in rabbits. Comparisons were made to Salmonella LPS, Each LPS preparation produced the primary skin reaction in a typical dose-response fashion. Skin sites injected with 400 \ig of Fusobacterium LPS often produced necrotic lesions. In the comparisons made between the skin lesion doses (SLDjj) of the Veillonella LPS and the Salmonella LPS, the difference was either non-significant or the Salmonella LPS was only slightly more active (P < 0.02), LPS from the Fusobacterium and the Bacteroides were significantly less toxic than the Salmonella LPS (P < 0,005), All LPS preparations did prepare the skin for the local and the specific organs for the generalized Shwartzman reaction. The toxicity of the Bacteroides LPS was, however, very low in the local reactioti (P < 0,005). For all LPS preparations the sensitivity of the primary skin test (SLDsj) was superior to the local Schwartzman reaction {SPD^o) (P < 0,005).Twenty-four hours after challenge for the generalized Shwartzman reaction, extensive fibrin thrombi in the capillaries of the renal glomemli were found, as well as thrombi containing necrotic blood cells, both in the veins of the liver and in the arteries of the lungs.The high endotoxic activity of the Fusobacterium and the Yeillonella LPS may reflect a similarity between their lipid A and that of the Salmonella LPS, rate the O-antigens of the bacteria atid a