Histomorphometric and histologic evaluation of titanium–zirconium (aTiZr) implants with anodized surfaces

Abstract

The choice of implant surface has a significant influence on osseointegration. Modification of TiZr surface by anodization is reported to have the potential to modulate the osteoblast cell behaviour favouring more rapid bone formation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of anodizing the surface of TiZr discs with respect to osseointegration after four weeks implantation in sheep femurs. Titanium (Ti) and TiZr discs were anodized in an electrolyte containing DL-α-glycerophosphate and calcium acetate at 300 V. The surface characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and goniometry. Forty implant discs with thickness of 1.5 and 10 mm diameter (10 of each-titanium, titanium-zirconium, anodized titanium and anodized titanium-zirconium) were placed in the femoral condyles of 10 sheep. Histomorphometric and histologic analysis were performed 4 weeks after implantation. The anodized implants displayed hydrophilic, porous, nano-to-micrometer scale roughened surfaces. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed calcium and phosphorous incorporation into the surface of both titanium and titanium-zirconium after anodization. Histologically there was new bone apposition on all implanted discs, slightly more pronounced on anodised discs. The percentage bone-to-implant contact measurements of anodized implants were higher than machined/unmodified implants but there was no significant difference between the two groups with anodized surfaces (P > 0.05, n = 10). The present histomorphometric and histological findings confirm that surface modification of titanium-zirconium by anodization is similar to anodised titanium enhances early osseointegration compared to machined implant surfaces.

Wool‐derived keratin hydrogel enhances implant osseointegration in cancellous bone

“…Ten 4 years old mixed breed female sheep were used in this study, with average weight of 80 kg. The number of animals was selected based on previous experience with dental implants placed into sheep models, and was expected to discriminate treatment effects in a statistically useful manner …”

“…The number of animals was selected based on previous experience with dental implants placed into sheep models, and was expected to discriminate treatment effects in a statistically useful manner. [17][18][19]23,24 All sheep received preoperative antibiotic trimethoprim (Amphoprim injection 1 mL/15 kg, Virbac New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand). General anesthesia was induced by intravenous thiopentone 20 mg/kg (Bomac Laboratories, Auckland, New Zealand) and maintained by halothane (1-2%).…”

“…A model for implantation into the cancellous bone of the distal femoral condyle in sheep has been modified to a medial approach and used for biomaterials testing . Our laboratory has further modified this model to permit testing in the distal femoral condyle using titanium or zirconia dental implants and for regenerative therapies adjacent to titanium or zirconia alloy surfaces …”

“…15,16 Our laboratory has further modified this model to permit testing in the distal femoral condyle using titanium or zirconia dental implants 17,18 and for regenerative therapies adjacent to titanium or zirconia alloy surfaces. 19,20 The main aim of this study was to examine and quantify the effect of Keratec Hydrogel TM on the osseointegration of titanium implants in an ovine femoral cancellous bone model after 4 weeks healing. Implant osseointegration was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed using histological, histomorphometric and resonance frequency analyses.…”

Current trends of the choice and processing of materials for dental implantation

“…Процент контакта между костью и имплантатом был выше после анодирования, но различия с контролем оказались статистически недостоверными. Полученные данные подтверждают, что модификация поверхности сплава титана и циркония анодированием, как и аналогичное воздействие на чистый титан, увеличивают раннюю остеоинтеграцию в сравнении с таковой у стандартных изделий с машинной обработкой поверхности [40].…”